Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries

Part One front cover and facing advertisements

Captions (right page: the publisher's advertisements):

• Medicine for the mouth: Kogin-san ("Gum-Firming Powder"). Large packet 100 mon, small packet 32 mon. Effective for: teeth coming out; loose teeth; pus; bleeding; swollen gums. Directions for use are set out in detail on the wrapper.
• Pure and refined: Shirotae ("Snow-White"). One packet […] mon. However dark your complexion, put a little of this washing powder at a time into your rice-bran bag, and your skin will turn as white as snow.
• Wonder-Cure for Bed-Wetting. One packet two^? hundred mon. However long-standing the complaint, in adults or children, men or women, […] cures […] wonderfully^?.
• A Guide to Health: Long Life Without Illness (Yōjō tebikigusa), 2 vols., by Old Master Kyōzan, pictures by Hiroshige.
• The Jewelled Hundred Poets (Bigyoku hyakunin isshu), medium format, 1 vol.
• The Red Plum Hundred Poets (Kōbai hyakunin isshu), half-sheet format, 1 vol.
• Long Life of the Baby Crane: A Bamboo-Bath Celebration (Hinazuru sasayu no kotobuki), large format, printed in colour.
• A Ladies' Letter-Writer: The Jewelled Casket (Jochū yōbun tamatebako), medium format, by Old Master Kyōzan.
• The Shiraishi Tale of Revenge (Katakiuchi Shiraishi-banashi), 2 vols.
• The Story of the Revenge at Iga Pass (Igagoe katakiuchi monogatari), 2 vols., pictures by Yoshitora.
• Trusting in Mimasu: The Soga Shrine-Fence (Tanomu Mimasu Soga no kamigaki), Part 3, by Tanekiyo, complete in this part, pictures by Kuni[sada?].
• Newly published hauta songs […]
• Senryū verses, jiguchi puns, […] books of that kind.

Captions (left page: the cover title slip): "Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries, Explained for Children" / "Part One, Upper Volume" / "Translated by Kanagaki Robun" / "Pictures by Mōsai Yoshitora" / "Published by Kinkyōdō"

Translator's note. The price of Shirotae and the second line of the bed-wetting advertisement are worn away here; the same advertisements are printed more legibly at the end of the volume (p0024), where the bed-wetting cure costs three hundred mon. The last two lines of the book list are badly faded.

Japanese transcription

口中御薬　固齦散《こ■さん》　大包代百銅　小包代三十二銅

功能

一ぬけば　一うきば　一うみ血

一血いづる　一はぐきはれ

○用ひやうのう書にくわしく相しるし候

清浄精製　白妙　一包代■銅

此御薬あらひ

粉はいかほど色黒き

方にてもぬかぶくろの中へ

少しづゝ入れ用ゆれば色

白くなる事ゆきの

ごとし

寝小便大奇薬《ねしやうべんだいきやく》　一包代二百銅

いかほど年久しき病症にても大人小児男女

とも包■治■■妙なり

無病長寿　養生手引草《やうじやうてびきぐさ》　全二冊　京山翁著　廣重画

美玉《びぎよく》百人一首　中本形　全一冊

紅梅《こうばい》百人一首　半紙本　全一冊

雛鶴笹湯寿《ひなづるささゆのことぶき》　紅摺大本

女中用文玉手箱《ぢよちうようぶんたまてばこ》　中本形　京山翁著

敵討白石噺《かたきうちしらいしばなし》　全二冊

伊賀越敵討物語《いがごえかたきうちものがたり》　全二冊　芳虎画録

頼三升曽我神垣《たのむみますそがのかみがき》　三編　種清　読切　國貞

新板端唄■■■■■■■■

川柳■地口■■本類

童繪解《おさなゑとき》

萬國噺《ばんこくばなし》

初編上巻

假名垣魯文譯

孟齋芳虎画

錦橋堂　壽梓

Part One frontispiece

Captions: "Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries" / "Upper" (in a circle)

Translator's note. The title is set beside a full-page picture of a Western lady in a bonnet and crinoline, holding a hand-screen.

Japanese transcription

童《おさな》繪《ゑ》解《とき》

萬《ばん》國《こく》噺《ばなし》

上

Part One inner title page and leaf 1r (Preface)

Captions: "Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries, Explained for Children" / "Part One" / "Lower Volume" / "Translated by Kanagaki Robun" / "Pictures by Mōsai Yoshitora" / "Blocks held by Yamadaya"

Preface

The god Kanjin, who so loved the plum and the pine, wrote in one of his poems that even people who live a thousand ri apart, with sea and mountain between them, can talk together through the woven threads of writing — and how true that is! Such is the virtue of a flourishing age of letters: sitting at home, we may learn all about the state of things in lands ten thousand ri across the sea, and lying in bed we may look into the peace and the troubles of all the foreign nations. This is the blessing of the Great Peace, for which we should be humbly grateful.

And yet the strange scripts of China and Holland, and the sounds of foreign words, are not easy reading for our children and our women. So I have picked out, from many books, scenes of lands ten thousand ri away, and rendered them gently into the kana of our own country. I have called the result Tales of the Myriad Countries; think of it as nothing more than a book of bedside stories for those grown weary of the long spring days and the long autumn nights.

Spring of Man'en 2, the year of the Metal Cock (1861). Written by Kanagaki Robun.

Translator's note. Kanjin is the deified courtier-poet Sugawara no Michizane (845–903), the patron god of learning, famous for his love of the plum tree. A ri is about 3.9 km.

Japanese transcription

童繪解萬國噺《おさなゑときばんこくばなし》

初編

下之巻

假名垣魯文譯

孟齋芳虎画

山田屋藏板

一

梅松《うめまつ》愛《めで》させ給ふ菅神《かんじん》の詠歌《えいか》に。海と山千里《ちさと》を隔《へだて》すむ人も。

物言《ものいひ》かはす文字《もじ》の機《はた》とつらね給ひしも宜《うべ》なる哉文化盛典《ぶんくわせいてん》

の徳たる。居ながらにして。海外萬里《かいぐわいばんり》の情態《じやうたい》を精通《せいつう》し臥寐《ふしゐ》て

諸蠻《しよばん》の治乱を覈明《かくめい》す。泰平の恩沢。仰尊《あふぎたふと》むべきことになん

然《しかり》と雖《いへども》。漢蘭《かんらん》の異文外藩の字音我童蒙婦女《どうもうふぢよ》の為に

讀安《よみやす》からず。茲《こゝ》に於て。皇國《みくに》假字《かな》に解和《ときやはら》げ。萬里外《ばんりぐわい》の情

景《じやうけい》を諸書の中より抜翠《ばつすい》して萬国話《ばんこくばなし》と号《なづ》るものは。春日《しゆんじつ》

秋夜《しうや》の長きに倦《うむ》の。御伽草紙《おとぎざうし》といはまく而已《のみ》

萬延二辛酉春

假名垣魯文記

Part One leaves 1v–2r

Captions: "Russia" / "England"

Russia. This country straddles the continents of Europe and Asia, and its capital is called Petersburg. Areki, the founding emperor of its revival, was outstanding in talent and virtue; he greatly enlarged his dominions and held the imperial throne. After he died, his consort Catherine took the throne as empress and governed, and from then on, it is said, the country grew more and more enlightened.

England. This country is a great island nation in the sea to the west of Europe. At its revival its dominions spread far and wide: in the reign of Queen Anne it joined to itself the islands of Scotland and Ireland, and the whole is called Great Britain. Its capital is London, on the river Thames. The land is divided into fifty-two counties.

Translator's note. "Areki" is printed as a separate small column of katakana beside "the founding emperor"; it is probably a name (Alexei?) followed by the topic particle. Since his consort Catherine succeeds him, the emperor meant is clearly Peter the Great, whose story is told below.

Japanese transcription

魯西亞國《おろしやこく》

此国《このくに》は欧邏巴洲《ゑうろつぱしう》と亜細亜洲《あじあしう》にまたがりたる

地にして本都《みやこ》を伯徳《ぺと》ろと中興《ちうこう》の太祖帝《たいそてい》

アレキハ

才徳《さいとく》すぐれ大いに其版圖《そのりやうぶん》

を開《ひら》き帝の位を保つ帝崩るゝ

後妃《のちのきさき》加太里那《かたりな》女帝の位に即《つき》まつりことを

執《とつ》てより其国ます〳〵開《ひら》けりとぞ

英吉利國《いぎりすこく》

此国《このくに》は欧邏《ゑうろつ》

巴洲西の方の海中に

ある大島国《おほしまぐに》なり

中興版圖《ちうこうりやうぶん》大いに

ひろがり女王益那《によわうあんな》の

世に當りて思可齋亜《すこしや》島

意而蘭土《いゝるらんど》島を併有《あはせ》總称《そうしよう》して

大蒲利丹尼亜《■ぶりたにや》といふ其都府《そのみやこ》は

囒頓《ろんどん》とて爹樸河《てむすがは》の上にあり

地を分ちて五十二州となす

Part One leaves 2v–3r

Captions: "France" / "North America" / "The United States, also called the Republican States"

France. This is a great country neighbouring Holland and England. Its capital is called Paris and lies on the banks of the river Seine. In former times the house of Bourbon ruled it, but once the royal house was overthrown and it became a republic. Later it changed again and became an empire: Napoleon set himself up and called himself the First Emperor. After that the allied nations overthrew Napoleon and made it a kingdom as before.

North America. This country was first opened and settled by the people of Europe, and its climate is much the same as our own. Its capital is called Washington. From California, the country's seaport, ships sail out and go back and forth to every nation; it devotes itself to promoting trade, and they say it makes its fortune by commerce.

Japanese transcription

佛狼西國《ふらんす》

此国ハ阿蘭陀《おらんだ》
英吉《いぎりす》
利に
隣《とな》れる
大国にして都を巴里《はり》
斯《す》といひセイネ河の畔《ほとり》にあり
古暦《いにしへ》ハボウルボレ家統領せしが一度
王家ほろび共和合衆国《きやうわがつしゆうこく》となる後又
変じて帝国となり那波列翁《なぽれおん》自立して
一世帝と号すそのゝち同盟の諸国
那波列翁《なぽれおん》を亡して故の王国とす

北亜墨利加洲之内《きたあめりかしうのうち》

此国ハ元來
歐邏巴人《ゑうろつぱじん》の
開拓地に
して季候大低
我朝におなし都府を華盛《わしん》
頓《とん》といふその国の海口カリホル
ニヤより舶《ふね》を出し萬国に往
還して専貿易の道を盛ん
にし通商を以て家産すといへり

合衆国《がつしゆうこく》又

共和政治州《きやうわせいぢしう》

Part One leaves 3v–4r

Captions: "Holland" / "A Nanjing man of the Great Qing" / "France: Here Begins the Reading" / (an old man) "Well now, I reckon I'll be off to my daughter's place." / (a woman) "Come along, come along, quickly!" / (a child) "Huff, huff!" / (a woman to a toddler) "Clever walking! […] what a good little boy^?"

Holland. The people of this country are especially skilled in the arts and crafts and make commerce their business. They are well versed in astronomy and geography and accomplished in the science of the nature of things; they gather the products of every country and strange and rare goods of every kind, and reap the great profits of foreign trade.

France

France, in Europe in the West, is made up of many lands joined together and has eighty-six provinces. As for its borders: to the south it is bounded by the Mediterranean and by Spain; to the west it looks out on the sea called the Atlantic; to the north it borders the Terukanaru^?, the Pas-de-Calais and Belgium; and it faces Germany, Helvetia and Italy. Its capital is called Paris, and beside Paris runs a great river called the Seine. In this city there are eighteen^?

Translator's note. "Terukanaru" is printed てるかなる and is unexplained; perhaps the English Channel (Dutch het Kanaal) is meant. The words at the very end of the page are worn: the transcription reads "streets, eighteen", which would repeat itself across the page-turn ("streets … streets numbering 713 chō"); some other count, of gates or wards, may be meant.

Japanese transcription

阿蘭陀國《おらんだこく》

此国ハ人民専ら枝藝《ぎげい》に
妙をえ通商をことゝし能《よく》天文
地理に通じ格物究理《かくぶつきうり》の
学に達じ諸国の産物
異類奇品《ゐるいきひん》を
集《あつめ》て
互市《ごし》
の大利《たいり》
を究む

大清國南京人《だいしんこくなんきんじん》

佛蘭西《ふらんす》国の部

よみはじめ

西洋《せいやう》ゑう
らつぱ
しうの内
ふらんす
こくはもろ〳〵の
地をましあはし
て八十六しう▲
▲ありそのくに
ざかいみなみは地
中海《ちうかい》いすぱ
にやにかぎりにし
のかたはあたらかい
といへるうみにのぞ
みきたはてるかなる
○ぱすでから
いす○べるに
きにとなり
○どいつ○へる
しや○いたり
やにたいす
そのみやこを
巴里斯《はりす》
といふはりす
のほとりにせいね
川といへる大川
ありこのところ
にはまち十八

つゞく

〽これから

むすめの
とこへ
まゐろう
とすべいヨ

〽サア〳〵

はやく

ハア〳〵

〽あんよは

じやうず■■
おへたいゝぼう
ちやんだの方

Part One leaves 4v–5r

Captions: "The prosperity of Paris, capital of France" / (beside the women) "The hammering [is heard] ten ri away"

— its streets run to 713 chō, its houses number 30,000 and its people 600,000. Its bustle is beyond words. In the castle town crowds of merchants' shops stand eave to eave, the theatres and side-shows are packed and noisy, and the throngs in the streets come and go without telling night from day.

The government of the country is carried on according to the laws, and its king is a man; the royal blood has passed down unbroken from generation to generation. Every Frenchman lives under these laws, and everyone from the high officials down to the low pays taxes according to his station. Even when the king issues a proclamation to his people, he will not issue it without first consulting the kings of the countries that are sworn allies with him. The French at heart are open in their dealings with others, hiding nothing, and they are correct in their manners — but, alas, they are a flighty people.

Lately they have contrived to dig great channels across the land and lead river water through them every which way. Their trade, too, is flourishing: they build great ships by the dozen and carry their commerce to every country. In place after place they have built schools where little children are taught and instructed, and learn to speak properly and every other branch of useful learning; they also teach the study of the principles of heaven, earth and all things. Besides these they have built great schools where every kind of learning is pursued in earnest: apart from the four great schools of the country, there are schools where farmers, craftsmen and merchants gather, so that the nation's people are diligently taught and led, and learning above all is encouraged.

Below the castle of Paris they have set up workshops for every sort of craftsman, and there they turn out weapons in great quantity. Among these, the places where they make the great guns called canon and mortier are sheds ten chō square, partitioned room by room, where iron, bronze, copper and so on

Translator's note. A chō is about 109 m, so the sheds are said to cover about a kilometre square. Canon and mortier are the French words for cannon and mortar, printed かもん and もるちる.

Japanese transcription

つゞき

まち

かず七百十三

ちやういへ

かず三万

にん

じゆ

六十万人

ありて▲

▲その

はんじやういふばかり

なくじやうかにはあまたの

あきんどやのきをならべ

しばゐ見せものかまびす

しくたちこみわうらいのくん

じゆよるひるをわかたずその

くにのまつりごとはおきてに

したがつてまもりぐにの王は

男にてだい〳〵ちすぢを

たやさずおほよそ

ふらんすの人はおの〳〵

そのおきてありて上くわん

より下くわんにいたるまで身

ぶんにおうじてねんぐをたて

まつるくにの王はしも〴〵へふれを

▲なるがくもんじよを

つくりて百がくをおほいに

なすこくちう四かしよの

がくもんじよのほか百せう

しよくにんあきうどの

あつまるがくもんじよありて

つとめてくにたみををしへて

みちびきもつぱらがくもんを

はげましむこゝにはりす

のしろしたにもろ〳〵の

しよくにんのさいくばを

たてぶき

あまた

をつく

りいだす

なかにかもん

もるちると⊗

⊗つちおと

十里

いだすにもちかひをともにする

くに〴〵の王とひやうぎをなさゞ

ればいださずそのくにのひとの

こゝろたにんとまじはりてかくすこと

なくれいぎたゞししかれどもおしい

かなそのひとゝなりかる〴〵しちかごろ

そのちにおほみぞをほりてたてよこに

川みづをつうずることをくふうなせり

かつかうゑきのみちもさかんにして

大ふねすそうをつくりてしよ

こくにあきなひのみちを

さかんになしところ〴〵

にがくもんじよをつくりて

おさなきものに

をしへさとしもの

いひおよびいつさいおもき

いりようのがくもんをなら

はし又てんちばんもつのこと

はりをきはむるのがくををしへ

べつに大き▲

○ふらんす国

はりすのみやこ

はんえい

の図

いへるおほ

づゝをつくる

ばしよは

その小や

十丁四めん

にしてまごと

にしきり

ありて

てつ

から

かね

あか

がね

とう

を

次へ

Part One leaves 5v–6r

Captions: "French gunsmiths treading the bellows" / (a workman) "There goes the conch — time for a smoke!" / (a shipwright) "Heave-ho! Here she comes, here she comes!"

are melted down at the great bellows-forges, or else beaten and polished, so that the din of the hammers echoes for ten ri around and the smoke billows up and covers the sky.

In the harbours, too, great ships are built in numbers, and the sight is like ants swarming over a great tree. Several thousand shipwrights put up the scaffolding, turn the capstans, and work rollers under the ship's bottom, so that even the mightiest vessel can have its bow lifted high and its hull repaired as they please; and when it is to be laid up in the ship-house, they haul it in with ropes. A wonderful contrivance, they say.

Besides these there are clockmakers, tailors, upholsterers^?, coopers, carpenters, roofers, plasterers, shoemakers, hatters and every other kind of craftsman, quarter after quarter of them, past all counting. From the islands that belong to the country come tribute of gold, silver, copper and iron, coral beads, agate and crystal, birds and beasts, fish and vegetables, and these are traded with the ships of all nations at the harbour on the Seine; and the craftsmen of every sort, and many of the common people, receive their share according to the profits of that trade. At the harbour on the Seine, trading ships from every land drop anchor; their people go ashore in the city of Paris and buy the goods that France produces, or trade them for the goods they have brought, so that the place bustles every day beyond all description. Because of this, they say, the land is rich, and the people's households prosper and flourish.

Translator's note. The conch shell was blown to mark the hours of work and rest.

Japanese transcription

つゞき
たゝらに
かけてふき
たてあるひは
かねをならし
みがくにその
つちおと十里
のそとにひゞき
わたりけむり
ゑん〳〵としてそら

⊗また
そのほか
にとけい
しよくにん
したてものしきぐ
しよくおけやだいく
やねかたかべぬりくつし
かむりしのたぐひいつ

⊗あまた
のたみにそのかう
えきのりぶんにおう
じて手あてをあたふ
せいね川のみなとには

⧗まいにちにぎ
わひおほかたなら
ずこれがために
とちうるほひ
くにたみいへとみ
さかへけるとぞ

○ふらん

すの
てつ
ぽう
かぢ
たゝら
を
ふ
む

「かひ

がなつたぜ
たばこに
しよう

をおほふあるひは
みなと〳〵にて
あまたの大ふねを
つくりたてるにその
さま大ぼくには
ありのあつまる
ごとくふなだいく
すせんにんあしば
をくみしやちを
まきころをふな
ぞこにかいこみて
さしものたいせんへさき
のかたをたかくもたげ
そのふなぞこを
じざいにつくろひこれ
をふなぐらに▲

▲おさむる
ときはつなを
もつてひいて
ゆくにその
しかけきみやうなりとぞ⊗

さいのしよくにんは
まちをへだてゝそのかず
いくにんといふをしらず
そのくにゝぞくしたる
しま〴〵よりはきん〴〵
どうてつさんごじゆめ
のうすいしやうとりけもの
うをやさいをみつぐ
にせいね川のみなとに
おいてばんこくの
ふねとかう
えきしもろ〳〵
のしよく
にん△

くに〴〵のかうえき
ぶねいかりをおろし
はりすのみやこにしやう
りくしてふらんすのこく
さんのしな〴〵をもとめ
あるひはおのれが
もたらしたるしな〴〵と
かうえきなす
にぞ⧗

「ヤツ

セツ
こりや
きた〳〵

Part One leaves 6v–7r

England

This country is one great island in the sea to the west of Europe. The land to the north is called Scotland; that island had had its own lords from ancient times, who ruled over it. But in the reign of Queen Anne of England that land was joined to England, and Ireland, an island lying to the west, was also taken into its dominions, and the country was named Great Britain. Its land is divided into twelve provinces, and sixty-two lords are enfeoffed in them. To the south, across the sea called Calais with its steep cliffs, it faces the two countries of Holland and France; the distance between is only twelve or thirteen ri, and when a ship hoists sail in a good wind it can go there and back in a single day.

From ancient times the ruler of this country has sometimes been a man and sometimes a woman; there is no fixed rule. At present it is a queen,

Japanese transcription

英吉利《いぎりす》国《こく》部《のぶ》

○このくには
ゑうらつぱ
しうにしのかたのうみのなかにある
ひとつのおほしまぐになりきたの
かたのちをすこしやといふそのしま
にはむかしよりぬしありてこれを

りやうせりしかるにいぎりすの女王
あんなの世にあたりてそのちをあはせ
又にしのかたにあるいるらんどゝいふしま
をもりやうぶんとしてくにの名を大ぶり
たにやといふそのくにのとちをわけて
十二かこくとなしこれに六十二の
だいめうをほうずそのみなみの
かたはからいすといへるうみの
けわしきやまをへだちておらんだ
ふらんすのりやうこくにむかひ
あふそのあひだへだゝること
わづかに
十二三り
よき
かぜ
に▲

▲ほをあげて
ふねをはしらするときは
いちにちにしておうらい
するなりいにしへよりそのくにの王は
をとこなるときもあり女の王もあり
てさだまらずたうじは女王にて

つゞく

Part One leaves 7v–8r

Captions: "The Queen of England receiving the homage of her lords"

who, after coming to the throne, took two sons of the king of a vassal state as her husbands. When the queen comes to the council chamber to hear affairs of state, her two bridegrooms stand at her right hand and her left. When the lords come up to court, they approach the queen, kneel, and

Translator's note. Queen Victoria, who was reigning in 1861, married one prince, Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; the "two husbands" are Robun's (or his source's) muddle.

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕くらゐにつきたるのちぞくこくの
王のむすこをふたりむかへておつ
とゝなす女王ちやうにのぞみ
てまつりごとをきく▲

▲ときはふたりのむこぎみも
又そのみぎひだりに
ありしよ△

英吉利《いぎりす》の女王《によわう》諸侯《しよかう》の礼《れい》を

請《う》くる図

△だい
めうの
めん〳〵
とじやう
する
ときは
女王の
まへに
ちか
づき
ひざ
まづき
て
〔次へ〕

Part One leaf 9r

hold out the palm of the hand before Her Majesty. The queen presses the lord's palm firmly with her finger, and he draws back his hand^? and withdraws. This is a most solemn courtesy in England.

The capital is called London and lies on the river Thames. The houses stand as close as the teeth of a comb and great numbers of people live there; it is an extremely prosperous place. A great bridge spans the river, a hundred and eighty jō long and four jō wide, with lamp-stands built in three places, which are lit at night to guide travellers. On the banks, batteries of great guns have been built, ready to keep off any enemy. In several places there are exchanges, where the goods of the country — woollen cloth, grain, tin, lead, iron, hemp and the like — are traded with merchants from every nation. Its trading

Translator's note. The facing right-hand page is a full-page picture of the London waterfront. A jō is about 3 m, so the bridge is about 545 m long and 12 m wide.

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕手のひらを
王のごぜんにさしいだ
すときに女王の手のゆびを
もつてそのひとの手のひらをぐつとおす
しよこうその手をかきてしりぞくこれいぎ
りすのおもきれいぎなりみやこをろん
どんといふていむす川のうへにありいへ
なみくしのはのごとくじんみんあまたすま
ゐていたつてはんじやうのちなりこの川に
またがりて大はしありながさ百八十丈はゞ
四丈三ところにとうらうだいをまうけて
よるはこれに火をともしおうらいのひとの
たよりとすまたきしのうへにおゝづゝの
たいばをきづきあだをふせぐのようい
にそなふすかしよにかうえきばを
たてくにのきんぶつもうせんこくもの
すゞなまりてつそのほかあさをなどの
しな〳〵をもつてばんこくのあきんどゝ
かうえきをなすそのあきなひ〔つゞく〕

Part One leaf 10r

ships crowd together at the river mouth, ranged so close that the surface of the water looks like dry land. The population of the city is something over one million and fifty thousand, and the students at its great schools number several tens of thousands. The men are born exceedingly clever and quick, and make far-sighted planning their business. They are forever building great ships and crossing to every country, trading all manner of goods and aiming at great profits. Their merchant ships number more than 28,080, and the men who work aboard them, officers included, come to 185,000. The king's own ships number more than eight hundred. All of these ships fly a flag with a cross dyed on it, in the three colours red, blue and white; and of these the red is held the most honourable,

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕ぶね川ぐちにあつまり
ならびてみづのおもておかの
ごとしじやうかのにんべつおほ
よそ一百れい五まんにん
あまれりとそおほき
なるがくもんじよにある
ところのともがらへいせい
すまんにんなんしのうまれ
つききはめてりこうはつ
めいにしてとほきおもんばかり
をぎやうとしつねにおほき
なるふねをつくりてばんごくに
わたりもろ〳〵のしな〴〵を▲

▲かうえき
しておほいなる
もうけをはかりその
あきなひぶねのかず二万八千
八十よそうふねのなかにはたらく
ものやくにんをはじめとしてその
にんじゆ十八万五千にん国王の
てぶね八百よそう
ふねのしるしは
みな十のじを
そめいだす赤青
白の三いろありて
なかんづくあかいろ
をもつてたつとき〔つゞく〕

Part One leaves 10v–11r

Captions: "Translated by Robun / Pictures by Yoshitora" / "Russia"

and is used as the flag of the ships.

England also has dominions in India, and keeps a hundred great ships stationed there to guard them; the officials sent out from the home country to serve there number about four thousand. When it chooses men from among the people for public service, it takes only those from eighteen to forty-five years of age. On board its ships it employs great numbers of a race of people, Furoisu^? by name, called kuronbō — black men — whom it summons from its subject countries. These black men are born in lands of burning heat and cannot bear the heat, so they plunge into the water morning and evening and play there; and so in the water they move as freely as fish, and even if they stay in it a whole day and night they never tire at all.

Russia

This is a great country of continuous land, straddling Europe and Asia; in ancient times it was called Muscovy. Its emperor Peter surpassed ten thousand men in wisdom and virtue, and was the first to take the rank of emperor. This emperor was born in the capital called Moscow, in the year 1672 counted from the beginning of Russia. From his earliest childhood he was quick and wise, and already had the virtues of a sovereign, so his father the king passed over the eldest son and made Peter his heir. At that time Peter was eleven years old. However,

Translator's note. "Kuronbō" (blackamoor) was the ordinary Japanese word of the time for black Africans and South Asians. The word before it, read ふかついす or ふろいす, is unidentified. "Counted from the beginning of Russia" (kaibyaku yori, "from the creation") is Robun's way of giving the Christian-era year: Peter was born in AD 1672.

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕ふねのしるしとす
てんぢくにもりやうぶん
ありてかのちにそなふる
おほぶね一百よそう
ほんごくよりして
ざいきんのやく
にんおほよそ
四千人かつまた
たみのぶやくをえらむ
には十八さいより四十五
さいにいたるものをかぎる
せんちうにはふかついすじん
ぞくにくろんぼうといへるものを
ぞくこくよりよびつどへてこれを
あまためしつかふかのくろんぼう
はゑんねつのくにゝうまれて
あつさにたへかねあさはんみづに
のみいりてあそぶゆへみづの▲

▲なかのはたらきは
あたかもうをのごとく
じざいにしてずいちうに
いつちうやあるとも
さらにつかるゝ
ことなし

魯文譯

芳虎画

魯西亜国部《おろしやこくのぶ》

このくにはゑうろつぱしう
とあじやしうにまたがり
たるぢつゞきのたいこくなりいにしへはむすこ
びやといふくにのみかどべいとるていはざいとく
ばんにんにすぐれはじめててんしのくらゐ
につきたりこのみかどおろしやかい
びやくより一千六百七十二年▲

▲もすこうといへるみや
こにうまれ給ひいとけ
なき△

△より
そう
めい
えい
ち
すでに
てんしのとくにそなはり給ひしゆへちゝわうそうりやうを
さしおきくらゐをつがしむときにへいとるていとし十一さいしかるに〔つゞく〕

Part One leaves 11v–12r

Captions: "The emperor's elder brother" / "The emperor's uncle"

when his father the king died, the emperor's uncle, who meant to run the government as he pleased, secretly won over people in the country and had them stir up a rising, and so rose to the post of regent to the boy emperor and took the government into his own hands. When the emperor was fifteen, he set his heart on making the country's defences strong, and in his eighteenth year he saw through his uncle's plans for rebellion, seized him, and kept him shut up. That uncle had [—resenting that the emperor had stepped up to the throne?—] set up the emperor's elder brother and put him on the throne too, so that there were two emperors in the land. But Peter was a man of both cunning and ability, and he stripped his brother of his rank and for the first time ruled over the whole of Russia.

Once the emperor opened his treasure-house and saw there a great ship that had been obtained from England. When he saw how cleverly it was built he was filled with admiration, and for the first time the wish arose in him to build great ships and voyage to every country. However, since Russia has the sea on one side only^?, there was no one who knew a good ship from a bad one; and besides, not a single great ship had ever been built in the country from ancient times. So the men who looked at the ship with the emperor were astonished at the depth of its craftsmanship and gave up all hope, deciding that a ship like this was quite beyond anything they could build. But the emperor

Translator's note. The two columns on either side of the fold at the top of this spread are worn and only partly legible; the bracketed words are a guess at their sense. Historically the regent was Peter's half-sister Sophia, and the co-tsar his half-brother Ivan V.

Japanese transcription

帝の兄

帝の伯父

つゞき
ちゝ王うせ
給ひみかどのおぢ君
まつりごとをおのがまゝ
にせんとするこゝろ
ありてひそかにくに
のうちのものをかた
らひらんをおこさ
しめていとけなき
みかどをほさ
するのくわんに
のぼりまつりごと
をほしいまゝに
つかさどるみかど
とし十五さいの
をりくにのうちを
かたくそなへんと
するこゝろあり十八
の年おぢのむ
ほんをくわだてん
とするこゝろを
さとりこれを
とらへおしこめおく
にかのおぢは
みかどがしなん
にてくらゐを
△とりいだ
させその
ふね
の
つくり
かたのきやう
なるをみて
かんしやうなし
はじめて大
ぶねをつく
りばんこくに
わたらんと
おもふ心を
おこす
しかれども
おろしや
のとちは
いつほう
うみ
なるを
もつて
その
ふねの
よし
あしを

ふまへしをごとく
でみかどのあに
をたてくら
ゐにつける
にぞ
くにの
うちにふたりのみかど
ありしかれどもべいとるは
ちりやくさいとくをかねたる
ひとなればあにのくらゐ
をけづりてはじめて
おろ
しや
ぜんしうを
かやうせり
みかどある
ときほう
ざうをひら
いていぎり
すより
えたる
おほ
ぶね
を△
しるもの
なくかつ又
そのくにむかし
よりいつそう
のおほぶね
をもつくり
いだせし
ことなけれ
ばみかどゝ
ともに
そのふね
を見たる
ものども
そのたくみ
のふかき
にあきれ
てのぞみを
たちなか〳〵
このふねは
ひととふり
にてはつくる
ことならず
とあきら
めおもふに
みかどはつぎへ

Part One leaf 13r

Captions: "The Russian emperor opens his treasure-house and views an old English ship"

was born to surpass all the men in the world, and he was deeply set on building such a ship somehow or other. Alone, he thought it over long and carefully: "If the country is furnished with great ships, then, without the toil of climbing steep peaks or crossing rivers and marshes, we can go straight across seas and rivers and make friends with all the countries where learning flourishes and shines, and so help our people and enrich them." Now, by good fortune, a Dutch shipwright happened to be in the country; so he made him master builder and built ships on a grand scale, and in them sailed to a land called Archangel and began trade there. He also took the rough and boorish ways of his people and in no time reformed^? them into good and refined manners.

The emperor said to his ministers, "Our country lies in Europe, yet unlike the other countries, all the

Japanese transcription

○魯西亜《おろしや》帝《てい》宝庫《ほうこ》を開《ひら》いて英吉利《いぎりす》の故舩《こせん》を見る図《づ》

つゞき
うまれつき
せかいの人に
すぐれたれば
このふねをなにとぞして
つくりいださんとする
こゝろふかくひとりつら〳〵
おもふやうくにのうちに
おほぶねをそなふる
ときはけはしきみねに
のぼり川やさわをわたる
のくらうなくたゞちに
うみ川をよこぎりがく
もんのみちさかんに
あきらかなるもろ〳〵
のくにとよしみをつうじ
てわがくにのたみをたすけ▲
▲ますべし
とすなはちおらん
だのふなだいく
さいわひくにのうち
にゐたるゆへこれを
とうりやうとなし
おほいにふねを
つくりこれにのりて
あるかんげるといふ
くにゝわたりかう
ゑきをはじめ又
くにのたみむくつ
けくいやしげなる
ふうぞくを△
△わづかのうちに直し
ひとがらよろしきふう
となせりみかどもろ〳〵
のしんかにおほする
やうわがくにはゑう
らつぱしうのうちに
ありながらほかのくに
のごとくもろ〳〵のつぎへ

Part One leaves 13v–14r

Captions: "The sage Lefort" / "The Emperor of Russia"

branches of learning have not yet taken root here. We should invite scholars from other countries and have them make the way plain." So he invited scholars from all under heaven, and in answer to his summons there came a great sage named Lefort, a man of the place called Geneva in Helvetia. Though he was still young, he sought the emperor's acquaintance and became his friend, and he was always at the emperor's side, urging good government upon him.

The emperor said, "To reform the people and open the way of letters, nothing is better than opening up trade far and wide." The Baltic and the Black Sea are both reached by the great rivers of Russia, so he judged it convenient to send ships along these rivers, and after that he sent many ships to all countries and gave himself wholly to trade.

And so, in the year 1697 counted from the beginning, the emperor resolved to travel in other countries and try everything for himself. He entrusted the government to three officials and set out to see the manners and customs of the various lands. He crossed into other countries, dressed in clothes of Dutch tailoring, changed his name to Pyotr Mikhailov, disguised himself as a workman, rented a little house in a place called Zaandam and lived there, cooking his own meals^?. He kept up letters with the ministers who managed the government of his home country, and with his own hands took up the axe and felled timber. Afterwards he went back to Amsterdam

Translator's note. Lefort (1656–1699) was Swiss, from Geneva; Helvetia is the old name for Switzerland. The Baltic is printed おほすと海, from the Dutch name Oostzee.

Japanese transcription

賢人れほる

つゞきがくもんいまださかんに
おこらずよろしくほかのくにの
がくしやをまねぎそのみちを
あきらむべしとてすなはちあめが
したのがくしやをまねくなるに
へるしやのうちぜねへるといへるところの
ひとれほるといへる大けんじんめしに
おうじてきたるとしいまだわかくして
みかどゝまじはりをはかりともだちとなりつねに
ごぜんにまゐりよきまつりごとをすゝめあげる
みかどいふたみをへんじてぶんのみちをひらくは
かうえきをひろくつうずるよりよろしきはなし
おほすと海
黒海はおろ
しや大河▲
▲のつうずるところなればふねをこの川に
つうずるをびんぎなりとすそのゝちあまたの
ふねをもつてしよこくにわたしかうえきの
みちをもつはらにすかくてかいびやくより
一千六百九十七年みかど
よそのくにゝいうれき△
△してもろ〳〵のことを
こゝろみんとほつし
まつりごとを三人の
くわんにんにゆだね
ふうぞくを見んと
しよこくの
ふうを
見ると
いふ
こゝに
おいて
しよ
こくに
わたり
おらんだ
じた
ての
い
ふく
を
ちや
くし
名をべいとる
みかえろふ
とあらため
身をしよくにんに

魯西亜帝

やつしさんだんと
いへるちに小いへを
かりてすまゐ
みづからしよく
をつくるその
ほんごくの
まつり
ごとを⊗
⊗つか
さどる
しんかと
てがみを
とりかはしみづ
からおのをとりて
木をきるのちまた
あむすてるだむにかへりつぎへ

Part One leaf 15r

Captions: "The Russian emperor, disguised as a woodcutter, works at Zaandam"

and himself directed the building of a warship mounting great guns at sixty ports. He also set his mind on every branch of learning, and however small a skill might be he never let it idly pass him by but tried it for himself, going so far as to master the art of medicine. Then, too,

Japanese transcription

○魯西亜《おろしや》帝《てい》樵夫《きこり》に身《み》をやつしてさんだむに仕ふ

つゞき
みづからさし
づして六十
もんに大づゝを
かけるいくさ
ぶねをつく
らしむまた
こゝろを
もろ〳〵のがく
もんにとゞめ
一チげいのすこし
なることゝいへどもいた
づらにみすごすことなく
みづからこれをこゝろみある
ひはゐだうのじゆつをきは
むるにいたる又大ふねつぎへ

Part One leaves 15v–16r

Captions: "Russian peasants applying themselves to the work of farming"

wishing to master the art of sailing great ships on the sea^? and to know everything about how things are done at sea, he took the guise of a common sailor, crossed to England, came to London, and lived at the king's^? shipyard. The six hundred and more men who served at the Suhidamitsudo^? in that country were all, it is said, masters of some skill; and of all those who came to know the emperor there was not one who did not praise his abilities.

From there he left England, passed through Holland, went by way of Dresden to the city of Vienna, and was meaning to go on to Italy, when the people of a subject land rose in revolt and plotted to depose the emperor; and for this reason he returned home. By that time a Russian named Gordon had already put down the rising. But the emperor's anger was still not appeased, and he had every one of those who had raised the revolt punished.

Now there was a man called Menshikov, outstanding in talent and wisdom, who served loyally with all his strength. The emperor raised this man up and employed him, and said himself: "In general, ruling the country and giving the people peace is what we must strive for above all." And bending all his energy to the task, his concern to govern well grew ever more earnest. And so he lowered the yearly taxes in the country; and, to plan for the country's profit, he bought from the various countries jiban^? and all the

Translator's note. Peter worked at the royal dockyard at Deptford in 1698; "Suhidamitsudo" (すひだみつど, perhaps preceded by ある "a certain") is unidentified and may be a garbled place name. The rebels of 1698 were in fact the Moscow musketeers (streltsy), and Patrick Gordon was a Scot in Russian service. "Jiban" (じばん) is unexplained; printing type (字盤) is one possibility.

Japanese transcription

［つゞき］うみに

うつむのわざをたしみ

うみのうへのありさまを

こと〴〵くしらんどほつしせん

どうのすがたとなりて

いぎりすにわたり

ろんどんにいたりて

わうのふねの

さいくばに

すまふこのくにゝ

あるすひだ

みつどにつかへる

もの六百よにん

みな一チげいにちやうずる

ものなりといふみかどゝ

▲みかど

このものを

あげもち

ひみづ

から

いへる

やう

おほ

まじはるもの

みかどのきりやう

をほめざるはなしそれ

よりいぎりすをさり

おらんだをすぎでれす

てんをへてうゑんねんの

ふないにおもむきいた

りやこくにいたらんと

ほつするにぞくこくのもの

どもらんをおこしてみかど

をはいせんとはかるゆへを

もつてほんごくにかへるこの

ときおろしやのごるとんと

いへるものすでにそのらんを

たひらぐしかれどもみかどの

いかりなほはれずそのらんを

おこせしものをこと〴〵

くけいばつにおこ

なふこゝにめれ

しこうといふ

ものあり

さいちすぐ

れちからを

つくしてちう

きんをはげむ▲

魯《おろ》西亞《しや》の百姓《ひやくしやう》耕作《かうさく》の

道《みち》を励《はげ》む

よそ

くに

を

おさ

め

たみを

やすん

ずるはもつ

ともつとめ

べきなり

とせい

をはげ

まし

おさむる

ことをはかるこゝろ

いよ〳〵せつなり

こゝにおゐてくに

のうちのねんぐ

をへらしまた

くにのえき

をはかる

がために

しよこく

うへじばんをはじめ

いりようの［つゞく］

Part One leaves 16v–17r

books he needed. He founded schools in the capital and laid down new rules for the temples. From the countries of Europe he invited and welcomed men thoroughly versed in the art of war and masters of every art, and craftsmen of every kind of handiwork.

Then he summoned the farmers of the country and told them: "I shall make you rich and respected; I shall defend the country, and see that it never falls into strife and disorder." At this the farmers wept, rejoicing at the emperor's great kindness. So from then on he opened mines, bred livestock and encouraged farming; he built fortresses, sent scholars in every direction to develop the land and make maps of his dominions and of the other countries, set up workshops of every kind, and had everything needful made.

The emperor brought the various lands under his rule and increased his people; he worshipped Heaven and granted a great pardon. Murderers, though, and robbers — unless they mended their ways of their own accord^? — were not included.

Until the year 1717 he pressed on with these works. Then the officials who managed the government, [at a rite proclaiming his rank to Heaven?], together with the people of every province throughout the land, as they all wished, offered him an honorific title,

Translator's note. "Temples" means churches. The end of this page is torn in the NDL copy and was read from the Waseda copy; several words in the last sentence are uncertain, and the bracketed phrase is a guess at a damaged passage.

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕しよもつをあが
なひもとめこくちうの
ふないにがくもんじよを
たてあらたにてらの
おきてをさだめえう
らつぱのしよこくより
へいがくにくわしくつうじ
しよげいをあきら
かにきはめたるひと
もろ〳〵のさいくする
しよくにんをまねぎ
むかへくにのうちのひやくしやう
をめしてつげていわくなんぢ
らをしてふうきならしめ
くにをまもりてあかそひ
みだれざるやうになして
えさせんとのたまふ
にぞひやくしやうら
なみだをながしてみかど
のいつくしみふかきを
よろこぶされば
それよりかなやま
をひらきまた
ちくせうをそだてゝ
かうさくをすゝめしろを

つきちをおこすのがく
しやを四はうにつかは
してりやうぶんしよ
こくのゑづをつくら
しめもろ〴〵のさい
くばをまうけて
いつさいいりよう
のものをつくらす
みかどしよ
こくをしたがへて
くにたみをまし
てんをまつりて
おほいにしやすこれひとを
ころせるものとうぞくのみづから
あやまちをあらたむるものは
このれつに▲

▲あらず
一千七百
十七年に
いたるまで
すゝむる△

△くら
ゐを
てん
に
づ
る
ま
つ
り
ごと
をあづ
る
くわんにん
しよしう
のそうこく
ちうの
みん■
ののぞみ
をそくそ
そん
がうを
たてまつり
〔つゞく〕

Part One leaves 17v–18r

calling him "Emperor of Russia", and offered a further title besides, "the Great". On the twenty-second day of the tenth month of 1721 he held a festival of peace and proclaimed to all under heaven the rank and dignity of an empire. Prussia, Holland and Sweden were the first to acknowledge it, and the other countries followed in giving him the title.

The emperor had already opened up the country greatly, reformed his people's manners and punished the wicked. He furnished his capital and harbours with many serviceable ships and built strongholds, and he concluded treaties of trade with the various countries. In the fifth month of 1724 he honoured the merits of his consort Catherine and set her on the throne as empress, and in the eleventh month of that year he gave his beloved daughter Anna as bride to the king of Sweden. But meanwhile the emperor began to feel his strength failing a little through illness. In 1724,

Translator's note. "The Great" is printed ごらうで, from the Dutch de Groote. Historically Anna married the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, not a Swedish king.

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕おろ
しやくわうてい
といひそへがうを
たてまつりてごらう
でといひ一千七百二十△

▲一ねん
十月廿二日
たいへいの
まつりをおこなひ帝国《ていこく》の
位爵《ゐしやく》をあめが下にふれ
しらすふろいせんおらんだすうへ
しや。まづそのめいにしたがつて
ほかのくに〴〵もそれにつゞいてそん
がうをしやうすみかどすでに
くにをおほいにひらきたみの
ふうぞくをなをしよこしまなるものを△

△ばつしてみやこみなとにあまた
びんぎのふねをそなへようがい
をかまへしよこくとかうえき
の定《てい》やくをさだめ一千七百
二十四年五月きさきかたりなのこうを
しやうして女ていのくらゐにつかしめ同
十一月ちやうあいのおんむすめあんな
をすうへしやこく王のよめとなす
さるほどにみかどはやまひのために
せいりきやゝげんずるをおぼへ一千七百二十四ねん
〔つぎへ〕

Part One leaves 18v–19r

Captions: "The Russian emperor saves his soldiers in the water"

in the ninth month, he went to a place called Sisterbeck and gave directions at the smithies and foundries. At nightfall he came to a place called Lakhta, where several of his men were crossing the river in a small boat; the wind was violent and the waves were high, and they could not get to the bank. Seeing that the boat was about to capsize, the emperor leapt into the water himself, saved twenty-four of his men, and went back to the castle. But from then on his illness came back, and though he suffered, he still bore it and carried out the rites of the festival. On the eighth day of the second month his illness grew worse and worse, and at last, in his fifty-second year, he passed away. The cries of grief from all his people could be heard a thousand ri away — a great lamentation indeed.

And so the Empress Catherine succeeded to the throne and took up the government; the country was well ruled, and all the lands under its rule bowed to her and obeyed. But

Translator's note. Sisterbeck (すてるべき, Swedish Systerbäck) is Sestroretsk, where Peter had founded an arms works. Peter died on 8 February 1725 (Old Style), aged 52.

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕九月すてるべきといへるちに
みゆきしかぢいものゝばしよにさし
づをくわへ日くれてらくだといへる
ところにかゝるしんかすにん
こぶねにのりてかはを
わたるにかぜあらく
なみたかくきし
にあがる
ことあた
はずふね
まさに
くつがへ
らんと
するを
見て
みかどみづ
からみづのなか
にとびいりて
廿四人ンのしんかを
すくひいだししろ
にかへり給ふより
またやまひおこり
くるしむといへども
なをやまひをしのびて
まつりのれいをおこなひ

二月八日やまひ
ます〳〵はげしく
そのとし五十二
さいにてつひに
むなしくなり給ふ
ばんみんのなげき
さけぶこゑせんりの
そとにきこへて
おびたゞしかくて
きさきかたり
なみかどの
くらゐを
つぎまつり
ごとをとりて
くによく
おさまり
しよりやう
のくに〴〵
なびき
した
がひ
ける
が
〔次へ〕

○魯西亞《おろしあ》帝水中《すゐちう》に士卒を救ふ

Part One leaves 19v–20r

Captions: "The Russian consort ascends the imperial throne"

the eldest prince was stubborn by nature, and in character was not of the stuff to rule a realm. What is more, he took advantage of the emperor's not knowing, and fled the country. When the chief minister reported this, the empress his mother flew into a great rage; she had his whereabouts searched out, and when he was found^? he was severely tortured, and the empress herself put him to death, they say.

So the consort of Russia succeeded to the throne, and from then on she brought more and more lands under her sway. Her might shook all Europe; the country grew rich and the people prospered; trade flourished, and at last she became the most famous ruler in all Europe. She then yielded the throne to the next prince, Peter the Third. This emperor too was a sovereign of wisdom, virtue and excellence: he carried on the work of his father and mother, guarded his people firmly, and moreover pacified the various countries, so that of all the kings of Europe there was not one who did not bow to Russia and obey her. That in these days she has become an empire equal to our own country — these were happy things indeed. And so all ended happily.

Translator's note. Robun's history is confused here. The runaway prince was Alexei, Peter's son by his first wife, who fled abroad in 1716 and died in 1718 under questioning ordered by Peter himself, before Catherine's reign. Catherine I reigned only 1725–27 and was succeeded by Alexei's son, Peter II, not "Peter the Third".

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕そうりやうの
太子《たいし》うまれつき
こゝろざしかたくな
にてそのひとゝ
なりとくかを
おさむるのうつ
わにあらず
またみかどの
しらざるに
じやうして
そのくにを
かけおちし
ければだい
いちの
くわん
にんとの
ことを
うつたふ
はゝみかど
おほいに
いかり
その
ゆくゑ
をたづね
さがし

○魯西亜《おろしや》の妃《きさき》帝位《ていゐ》に即く

△ざるは
なく
たうじ
わが
くにゝ
ひとしき
ていこく
となり
けるは
めでた
かり

いで
て
きび
しく
がう
もんし
みかど
みづから
これを
ちう
すとぞ

○かくておろしやの
きさきくらゐをつぎて
よります〳〵くにを
したがへゐせんゑう
らつぱしうに
ふるひくにとみ
たみうるほひ
かうえきのみち
さかんにしてつひに
ゑうらつぱぜんしうの
めいしゆとなりその
つぎの太子《たいし》に
くらゐをゆづり
給ふべいとる三世せん
ていもちゆうめいとく▲

▲けんびのみかどにして
ちゝはゝみかどのぎやうを
つぎくにたみをかたくまもり
なほしよこくをへいぢ
なしければゑう
らつぱのもろ〳〵の
王もおろしやこくに
なびきしたがは△

けること
どもなり
めで
たし
〳〵

Part One leaf 20v and back advertisements

Captions: "The Empress of Russia" / "View of Petersburg, capital of Russia" / "Translated by Kanagaki Robun" / "Pictures by Ichimōsai Yoshitora"

○ Part Two, which puts the state of Holland, America and Nanjing into easy language, is being published to follow on from this one; I humbly beg you, gentle readers, for your continued favour and custom. — The author, bowing low.

Advertisements (left page):

• Medicine for the mouth: Kogin-san. Large packet 100 mon, small packet 32 mon. Effective for: teeth coming out; loose teeth; pus; bleeding; swollen gums. Directions for use are set out in detail on the wrapper.
• Pure and refined: Shirotae. One packet 32 mon. However dark your complexion, put a little of this washing powder at a time into your rice-bran bag, and your skin will turn as white as snow.
• Wonder-Cure for Bed-Wetting. One packet 300 mon. However long-standing the complaint, it cures children, men and women alike with […] — an excellent remedy.
• A Guide to Health: Long Life Without Illness, 2 vols., by Old Master Kyōzan, pictures by Hiroshige.
• The Jewelled Hundred Poets, medium format, 1 vol.
• The Red Plum Hundred Poets, half-sheet format, 1 vol.
• Long Life of the Baby Crane: A Bamboo-Bath Celebration [a jōruri text?], large format, printed in colour.
• A Ladies' Letter-Writer: The Jewelled Casket, medium format, by Old Master Kyōzan.
• The Shiraishi Tale of Revenge, 2 vols.
• [Kyō]gen [a play]: The Story of the Revenge at Iga Pass, 2 vols., pictures by Yoshitora.
• Trusting in Mimasu: The Soga Shrine-Fence, Part 3, written by Tanekiyo, complete in this part, pictures by Kunisada.
• Newly published: hauta, Ōtsu-e songs and dodoitsu songs.
• Senryū verses, jiguchi puns, picture copybooks and the like — several titles.

Translator's note. A mon was the smallest copper coin. Hauta, Ōtsu-e bushi and dodoitsu are kinds of popular song; senryū are comic seventeen-syllable verses and jiguchi are pun-games.

Japanese transcription

魯西亞《おろしや》女帝《によてい》

○だい二へんはおらんだあめりか
なんきんのありさまをやわらげ
つゞりひきつゞきしゆつぱんつかま
つ候間あいかはらずごひやうばん
よろしくおんもとめのほど
ねがひあげたてまつり候
さくしやふしてまうす

○魯西亞国《おろしやこく》伯徳琭《べとる》の

都府情景《みやこのありさま》

假名垣魯文譯

一孟齋芳虎画

口中御薬 固齦散 大包代百銅 小包代三十二銅
能 一ぬけば 一うきば 一うみ血
切 一血いづる 一はぐきはれ
○用ひやうのう書にくはしく相しるし候

清浄 精製 白妙《しろたへ》 一包代卅二銅
此御薬あらひ
粉はいかほど色黒き
方にてもぬかぶくろの中へ
少しづゝ入れ用ゆれば色
白くなる事ゆきのし

寝小便大奇薬《ねしやうべんだいきやく》 一包代三百銅
年久しき病症にてもよく小児男女
■にて治る良方なり

無病長寿 養生手引草《やうじやうてびきぐさ》 全二冊 京山翁著 廣重画
美玉百人一首 中本形 全一冊
紅梅百人一首 半紙本 全一冊
雛鶴笹湯寿《ひなづるさゝゆのことぶき》 じやうるりぶんいでうと 紅摺大本
女中用文玉手箱 中本形 京山翁著
敵討白石噺《かたきうちしらいしばなし》 全二冊
狂言 伊賀越敵討物語 全二冊 芳虎画録
頼三升曽我神垣《たのみますそがのかみがき》 三編 種清綴 讀切 國貞画
新板 端唄大津絵節度々逸節
川柳点地口画手本類数品

Part Two upper volume, front matter

Right page (publisher's catalogue and advertisements):

New publications, Ansei 7 (1860), year of the Elder Metal Monkey. Contents:

• The Soga Tale in Coloured Covers (色表紙曽我物語), Parts 1–2: Part 1 by Tamenaga Shunsui; Part 2 pictures by Baichōrō Kunisada.
• Martial Glory Resounding: Miyamoto and Sasaki (名響武術譽), Parts 1–3: text by Rakutei Saiba; pictures by the same.
• Brocade Writings of the Three Worlds (三世相錦繍文章), Part 2: Part 1 by Ryūsuitei Tanekiyo; pictures for Parts 1–2 by Utagawa Kunisato.
• Love-Plovers in the May Rains at Susono (戀鵆裾野皐月雨) ^?, Part 2: text by Ryūentei Tanehisa; pictures from Part 1 on by Ikkeisai Yoshiiku.
• The Seven Transformations of the Golden Cat (金花七變化), Parts 1, 2 and 3: text by Kakutei Shūga; pictures by Baichōrō Kunisada.

Takeda Plaster (武田膏): large shell 100 [mon] each ^?, small shell 20 copper mon, medium shell 48 copper mon. Carefully made by Iijima Keizaburō, Ningyō-chō street, Edo.

Divine Unicorn Pills (神仙 一角丸): a restorative and antidote, good for the five infant ailments and all sorts of illness. Made up by Ōno Denbei, Tōgane-machi, Kazusa province.

Picture-book wholesaler: Tsujiokaya Bunsuke (Kinshōdō), Yokoyama-chō 3-chōme, Ryōgoku, Edo. […]

Left page (title page): Translated by Kanagaki Robun. Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries, Part Two, upper volume. Pictures by Ichimōsai Yoshitora. Printed by Kinkyōdō.

Translator's note. The title page is decorated with a harp and a flute.

---

Japanese transcription

安政七庚申年新版目次

色表紙曽我物語《いろびやうしそがものがたり》 二
初 為永春水作
二 梅蝶樓國貞画
宮本 佐崎 名響武術譽《なにひゞくぶじゆつのほまれ》
二 初 楽亭西馬作
三 同 画
三世相錦繍文章《さんぜさうにしきぶんしやう》 二
初 柳水亭種清作
初ゟ二 哥川國郷画
戀鵆裾野皐月雨《こひちどりすそのゝさみだれ》 冊
二 柳煙亭種久作
初ゟ 一恵齋芳幾画
金花七變化《ねこまたしちへんげ》 二 三
初 鶴亭秀賀作
梅蝶樓國貞画

武田膏 大貝百宛 小貝二十銅 中貝四十八銅
江戸人形町通 飯島啓三郎謹製

神仙 一角丸
気つけ毒けし小児五かん諸病よし
調合所 上総國東金町 大野傳兵衛

地本問屋 江戸両國横山町三丁目 辻岡屋文助 金松堂
■■白

假名垣魯文譯

童繪解萬國噺《おさなゑときばんこくばなし》

弐編 上乃巻

一孟斎芳虎画

錦橋堂壽梓

Part Two colour title spread

Captions: "Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries — Upper — printed by Kinkyōdō" / "Part Two — translated by Kanagaki Robun — pictures by Ichimōsai Yoshitora — Lower"

Translator's note. A colour title spread: a Western gentleman holding a scroll on the right, and a Western lady in a crinoline and bonnet on the left. The roundels marked "Upper" and "Lower" stand for the book's two volumes.

---

Japanese transcription

童繪解萬國噺《をさなゑときばんこくばなし》

上

錦橋堂壽梓

貳編《にへん》

假名垣魯文譯

一孟齋芳虎画

下

Part Two lower-volume title page and Robun's preface, leaf 1

Right page (title page): Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries, Part Two, lower volume. Written by Kana-gaki Robun, pictures by (Ichi)mōsai Yoshitora. Yamadaya. Printed.

Translator's note. This title page belongs to the lower volume but is bound here in the NDL copy. It shows a chess problem drawn on a board.

Caption (left page): "A balloon at Washington, capital of the United States of North America"

Preface. Long, long ago there was a little red-book story with a very simple plot, called Asahina's Island Voyages. It took him to the lands of the Long-Legs and the Long-Arms, and it whiled away many a long spring day for small children, who found it a fine plaything. But things change and the stars move on, and today's clever youngsters won't be fobbed off with stick-candy sweetness. So I have changed my wares, and offer this bit of learning-by-ear, the Tales of the Myriad Countries, put into plain kana. I am only a go-between selling on what others have made, I dare say.

Spring, year of the Junior Metal Rooster [1861]. Written by Kanagaki Robun.

Translator's note. "Red-books" (赤本) were the cheap picture-books children read in the 18th century. In the old tale, the strongman Asahina Saburō sails to fabulous islands, including lands of people with very long legs and very long arms. The Latin letters on the balloon in the picture are garbled.

---

Japanese transcription

おさな絵解《ゑとき》

ばん国《こく》ばなし
弐へん 下の巻
かな垣ろふん作
孟斎よし虎画

山田屋

寿梓

■

北亞墨利加合衆國《きたあめりかがつしゆうこく》

華盛都府《わしんとんふ》
風船之圖《ふうせんのづ》

昔々《むかし〳〵》の赤本《あかほん》に。脚色《しくみ》も浅《あさ》き朝比奈《あさひな》が。
島巡《しまめぐ》りてふ戯作《げさく》あり。足長手長《あしながてなが》の
春日《ながきひ》を。慰《なぐさ》む小人《こども》の童子《どうじ》等《ら》が。宜《よき》
翫《もてあそ》びなりけるが。物換《ものかは》り星移《ほしうつ》り。
當時《いまどき》の千歳児《せんざいじ》ハ。
飴《あめ》の棒《ぼう》の甘口《あまくち》な。
事ではゆかぬと品《しな》を替《かへ》。萬国噺《ばんこくばなし》の
聴取学文《きゝとりがくもん》。國字《かな》に譯《やく》して取次《とりつぎ》の。請《うけ》
賣《う》をなすものならじ
辛酉春
假名垣魯文記

Part Two upper volume, leaf 2

Captions: "An American (United States) lady out walking in the streets of Boston" / "○ An official's wife"

---

Japanese transcription

合衆國人《がつしゆうこくじん》波士頓《ぼすとん》

の街巷《ちまた》遊行《ゆぎやう》

往還《わうくわん》の圖《づ》

○官人《くわんじん》妻《つま》

Part Two upper volume, leaf 2 [3?]

Captions: "○ Farming at a commoner's house in the United States" / "○ Farmer"

---

Japanese transcription

○合衆国《がつしゆうこく》

民家《みんか》

耕作《かうさく》の図《づ》

○百姓《ひやくしやう》

Part Two upper volume, leaf 4

Captions: "A beauty of the United States" (under a banner of made-up Latin letters) / "North America: the United States"

○ Among the lands of North America, the United States is a new country, opened up only in recent times. If you divided the American world into twenty-one parts, it would be just one of them.

If we look into how it was first opened up: people from Italy, France, Spain, England, Holland and other countries came there every year to trade. The land had no master. Its people lived scattered here and there, and their ways were plain and simple. Seeing this, the newcomers thought to seize the land for themselves. Then one year there was a famine. Many people left the country for other lands and it grew weak. Other countries sent soldiers against it, and it could no longer stand on its own. That was three or four hundred years ago.

Later an Englishman petitioned his Queen and asked leave to open up that new land, and in the end the land of Virginia was the first to be settled. There they built a fort and appointed seven officials. One of them was the head and the other six assisted him, and the head was left to choose all the civil and military officers, great and small. Meanwhile three hundred people in England asked to go to America. These three hundred crossed over and settled there, and they named the land where they lived New England. After that more than three thousand English people went over to America. A little more than two hundred years ago the Dutch

(continued)

---

Japanese transcription

HLWOSNDUEATD

合衆國《がつしゆうこくの》美女《びぢよ》

北亞墨利加合衆国部《きたあめりかがつしゆうこくのぶ》

○北あめりかのうちがつ
しゆうこくはきんせい
ひらけたるあたらしき
くにゝしてあめりかの
せかい二十一ぶんと
なしてわづかに
その一チぶなり
そのひらけたる
はじまりをたづ
ぬるに○いたりや○ふらん
す○いすぱにや○いぎ
りす○おらんだとう
のくにびととし〴〵
いたりてかうゑきを
なすそのゝちその
くにゝぬしなくくに
たみあちこちに
ちらばりてふうぞく
しつぼくなるを
見こみてひと〴〵
そのとちをうば
はんととおもひ▲

▲たちあるとしきゝんにあひそのくにの人
おほくほかのくにへたちさりくにのいき
ほひとぼしくたこくよりひやうせんを
むけたればそのくには自立《じりつ》する
ことあたはざるなりこれはいまより
三四百年ンいせんのことなりその
のちいぎりすこくのひとその
女王《によわう》にまうしあげかの
あたらしきくにをひらかん
ことをねがひついに○ひるぎ
にや○のちをはじめてひらけり
かくてそのちにしろをたて
七人ンのやくにんをおきて
そのうちひとりをかしらと
なし六人これをたすけ大小の
文官《ぶんくわん》武官《ぶくわん》をそのかしら
のえらむにまかせりさるほどに
いぎりすのたみあめりかへいたり
らんことをねがふもの三百人あり
かの三百人のものあめりかのくにへ
わたりてすまゐするちをしん
いぎりすとなづけたりそれより
のちいぎりす人あめりかにいたる
もの三千余人なりいまより二百
ねんあまりのむかしおらんだ

〔つゞく〕

Part Two upper volume, leaves 5–7 ^?

Caption: "○ An Englishman petitions the Queen to open up a new country"

(continued) went to the southern parts of America ^?, opened a country, and named it New Netherland. Later the English drove out the Dutch, took the land, and renamed it New York. At about this time people from Sweden set up a country to the south ^? of New Netherland, called New Jersey ^?. But later all of it was taken by the Dutch, and then the English drove out the Dutch once more and took the land for their own.

Now there was an Englishman named William. When he was commander of the forces sent to that land, he took many pirates ^? alive, and so (continued next)

Translator's note. Robun's order of events is confused. New Netherland lay north of Virginia, not in the south. The Swedish colony on the Delaware was New Sweden. The name printed here, nefuyurusei, looks like "New Jersey".

---

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕じん
あめ
りかの
みな
みの
かたにいたりてくにをひらき
なづけてしんおらんだと▲

▲いふそのゝち
いぎりす人
おらん
だ人を
おひ
はらひ
そのちを
うばひあらためて△

△ねうよるくとなづく
そのころすへしあこくの
ひとしんおらんだの
みな
みに
まなへ
○こく
を
ねふ
ゆる
せい
といふ▲△

▲△しかるに
そのゝち
みなおらん
だにうばはれたりいぎり
すはまたお
らんだをおひ
はらひそのち
をおうりやう
すこゝに
いぎりすの
人に名を
ういる
れむ
といふ

○英人女王《えいじんによわう》に

申《まう》して新《しん》

国《くに》を開《ひら》かん

とす

もの
あり
その
ちへ
むけ
ての
だい
せう
なり
し
とき⊗

⊗かい
ぞくを
いけ
どる
ことおゝければ〔つぎへ〕

Part Two upper volume, leaves 5–6

Caption: "○ Opening up the new country"

(continued) to reward his services the King offered him gold. But William ^? declined it and would not accept. "Instead," he begged, "please grant me a piece of new land." So the King gave him a charter under his seal and sent him to America, and the land was named Pennsylvania.

Other English people also petitioned the Queen and settled in the southern parts of America, and that place was called Maryland. Still other English people went to the south of Virginia, and that land was called Carolina. In this way the land was gradually opened up and divided into thirteen colonies, with about one million four hundred and fifty thousand people altogether.

The officials placed in each of the colonies were all appointed from England, and English law was used everywhere. The French, too, opened up the northern part of this land and called it New France, and as settlement spread from north to south there were people living everywhere. Later the English drove out the French, took their land, and made it a colony of their own. After another forty or fifty years the people grew more numerous every day and new fields were opened up [...]. On top of this [...] the English King's greed grew greater day by day, (continued next)

Translator's note. Robun has merged two men here. Admiral Sir William Penn served the Crown, and his son William Penn received the Pennsylvania charter in 1681, in payment of a debt the King owed the father. The bottom lines of the left page are worn, and the readings around "new fields" and "on top of this" are uncertain.

---

Japanese transcription

○新国《しんこく》開発《かいほつ》の圖《づ》

つゞき　その
手がらを
せうびし
国王■《とく》
よりこがね
をたまはる
みつろ
いる
れむ
じたい
してうけ
ずねがは
くはひとつ
のしんちを
たまはるべし
とねがふにぞ
王にいん
しんを
さづけて
あめりかに
ゆかしむ
そのちを
なづけて
ぺんせへる
ふあにいト

▲いつかこくづゝにやくにんを
おくはみないぎりすより
いひつけすべていぎりすの
おきてをもちゆるなりこ
ふらんすの人もまたこの
ちのきたのかたをかいほつして
しんふらんすといふだん〳〵きた
よりしてみなみとひらく
こと〴〵くたみのすみ
かありそのゝちいぎり
すじんふらんす
じんを△

いふまた
いぎりす人
女王にねがふ
てあめりかの
みなみのちに
ゐるそのとこ
ろをまれい
らんどトいふ
またいぎり
す人〇ひる
ぎにあ〇みな
みにいたる
そのちを
〇かろりな
トいふこゝ
において
このち
やうやく
ひらけわけ
て十三が
こくとなれり
十三がこくの
ぞうにんじゆは
おほむね百四
五十万人なり▲

△おひ
はらひ
とちを
うばひて
ぞくする
くにとなす
又四五十
ねんを
へてたみ
ひゞにおほく
でんぢひらく
けかるとき
さんにな
其うへ■■
よ■■の■
りす王の
こゝろよく
しん日に
いやまし

つぎへ

Part Two upper volume, leaf 6 ^?

Captions: "Adams" / "Washington"

(continued) and he resolved to collect heavier taxes and duties. When this was announced to the Americans, the people of America resented the English King's terrible greed. In their anger they swore to one another, on their lives, that they would not obey England's orders. The English King flew into a rage and sent warship after warship to America, which burned houses and seized people's goods.

The Americans could no longer bear such wicked, lawless treatment. Their leading men secretly made plans. From all over the land they picked out strong young men, fitted out warships, and set up Washington, a man outstanding in wisdom and virtue, as their general. Then they sent a proclamation around the thirteen states of America. It said:

"[Heaven brought forth the people?], and though [they are many and divided?], at root they are all brothers and sisters. To each one Heaven gave his nature and his life, and let him live content in his own lot. But the strong oppress the weak and few, and Heaven grieved that the foolish people, (continued next)

Translator's note. The proclamation is the Declaration of Independence (1776). The first words of the proclamation are partly unreadable, and the opening sentence above is a tentative reconstruction of its sense.

---

Japanese transcription

阿丹土《あだむす》

つゞき　ねんぐ
うん上
を手
おもく
とり▲

▲あげん
とほつ
そのこと
をあめり
か人に
まうし
つくるに▲

▲あめりかの
たみいぎりす王の
むさぼることはなはだしき
をうらみいきどふりたがいに死を
ちかひていぎりすのめいにしたがは
ざればいぎりす王大いにいかりぐん
せんあまたをあめりかにいたらしめ
じんかをやきはらひたからものをかす
めあめりかの人そのよこしまひだう⊗

⊗なる
にたえかね
かしらだち
たるもの
ひそ⧗

⧗かに
ばかりおなじ
くにのうちより
としわかくくつきやう
なる☒

☒たみをえりいだしいくさぶねをとゝのへわしんとんへ
いづるさいちじんとくすぐれたる人をおしたてゝたい
せうとなしあめりかしうのうち▲

▲十三ごくへ
げきぶんを
めぐらして
いわくでん
たうきみを
せうじだん
ぞく
あつ
といへ
ども
もと
これ
は
ら
から
きやう
だい◎

華盛頓《わしんとん》

■金■拾■（絵中の掛札・壁の文字、判読困難）

◎のごとく
おめ〳〵その
せいといの
ちを
さづ
け
その
ぶん
に
や
すん
ぜし
む
又
つよ
き
は
すく
なき
ものを
しいたげにつ
おろかなる
たみに

次へ

Part Two upper volume, leaf 7

(continued) if left untaught, would in the end become no better than birds and beasts. So for the people's sake Heaven set up rulers over the country, to keep the people safe and protect them. The purpose of setting up a ruler was never to let him oppress the people for his own benefit.

"Our America never had any chiefs of its own until the English came. Then they made themselves kings over our land and took our people as their vassals. Our countrymen were glad of it, thinking: 'Surely they will keep our people safe and care for them. As long as their government does us no great harm, we should bear with it and obey.' But the English King has oppressed our people again and again. Even so, our people bore it and bore it and endured to this day. Yet the English King has shown no wish at all to mend his past wrongs, and things have reached the point where we can bear it no longer. Therefore we have set up a general and prepared our weapons, so that we may save ourselves from danger.

"Some people in the various countries may not yet know everything about how the English King has oppressed our people. So we have now written out twelve articles and published them throughout the world, to make known that we act only because we have no choice, and not through [any fault of our own?]."

In the twelve articles they listed every one of England's wrongs. The proclamation went on: "Our American elders have protested about each of these articles many times, but the English King has paid no attention at all, and our people can do nothing. Therefore we will found our own country and choose our own general, and so keep our people safe and protect them. Then not even the English King will be able to do anything to our country."

They wrote this and sent it around all the lands. When the English King saw the proclamation, he understood that the people of the thirteen colonies of the New World had joined together as one. He flew into a great rage, sent still more warships, and invaded America's borders. The Americans fought back, and the war went on for more than a year without either side winning. Then France sent troops to help America, and friend and foe fought on together for six or seven years. In the end the English King understood that he could not beat America, and he had them sue for peace.

The American elders then took counsel together ^?. "Our American (continued)

Translator's note. The real Declaration lists twenty-seven grievances, not twelve.

---

Japanese transcription

つゞき　をしへなければつひに
とりけものにひとしきを
うれひ給ひてたみの
ためにくにのぬし
をたて▲

▲たみをたもち
まもらしむもとくにのぬしを
たつるこゝろはたみを
あらくしへたげて
くにのぬしに▲△

▲△そなへるために
あらざるなりわがあめ
りかはもとより
かしらぶんの
ものは⊗

⊗なかりしが
いぎりす人きたるに
およびてわが
どちに王とし⧗

▲ゝめ
あまねく
天下につけ
てこのうへ
やむことを
えざるに
いでゝわがつを
にあらざると
しらしむりと
十二のかでうに
いぎりすの
びふんを
こと〴〵
しるしてまた
いはくみぎの△

△でう〳〵わが
あめり
かの
とし
よりらたび〳〵
かんげんすれどもいぎりす王いつ
せつもちひずわがじんみんもいかん
ともすることなししかればみづから

⧗わがたみをけらいとすわが
くにびともまたよろこびて思ふには
かならずわがじんみんをたもち
あひしやましめざるべしとその
まつりごとおほいなるがいあるに
あらざればなをしのびてした
がふべししかるにいぎりす王
わがじんみんをあらくしへ
たげることさいさんにいたる
しかれどもわがじんみん
なをしのびしのんでこれ
までこらへたれどもいぎり
す王つひにせんぴをあら
たむるこゝろさらになしその
いきほひざして見るにしのぶべからずゆへに
たいせうをたててぶきをそなへみづから
あやうきをすくふのはかりごとをなすいぎ
りす王のわがじんみんをしへたげることは
各国部のうちにはいまだこと〴〵くしら
ざる人もあらんかゆへにこんど
十二のかでうをした▲

くにをたてみづからたいせうを
おきわがじんみんをたもち
まもらんとすしからばいぎ
りす王もわがくにをいかん⊗
⊗ともすること
あたふまじとかきてくに〴〵へふれ
まはしけるにいぎりす王みぎのげきぶんを
見てあめりかしんせかい十三がこくのたみしゆうをあは
してひとつとなるをしり大いにいかりてふたゝびいくさ
ぶねのかずをましあめりかのさかいうちへらんにふす
あめりか人これをふせぎあらそふこと一ヶねんあまり
なれどもかちまけいまだけつせずそのうちにふらん
すこくよりかせいをいだしてあめりかをたすくるにぞ
こゝにおいててきみかたともにたゝかふこと六七ねんなりされ
どもいぎりす王あめりかこくにはかづ事ならざるを
しりわぼくを▲

▲こはしむあめりかのとしよりたちさちさう
だんしていふやうわがあめりかの

つゞく

Part Two upper volume

Caption: "○ Washington's government in the United States"

(continued) soldiers are all farmers. If we make peace now, they will all scatter, lay down their spears, and go back to farming. The French troops will go home to their own country, and General Washington will return to his native village. If the English King then broke his oath and started another war, how would we defend ourselves? Besides, America has never had a leader. If there are suits and quarrels, who will judge them? So from today let us appoint chief officers and fix our laws. Then the country will be at peace for a long time, and the people will live secure. And yet, setting up a chief is all very well for one generation, but if his (continued)

Translator's note. This page is printed sideways in the book.

---

Japanese transcription

○合衆国《がつしゆうこく》内《ない》華盛頓《わしんとん》政府《せいふ》の圖《づ》

つゞき　兵卒等はこと〴〵く
のうみんなりいまわぼく
すればみな〳〵ちりはな
れてほこをすてゝのう
ぎやうをことゝすべし
ふらんすのかせいもまた
ほんごくへひきとりたい
せうわしんとんもこけう
のさとへかへるべししかる
のちいぎりす王もし
ちかひをやぶりふたゝび
らんをおこさばそのとき
なにをもつてこれを
ふせがんかつあめりかは
もとよりとうりやうの▲

▲ひとなしもし
くじそせうあ
らばたれか
これをさば
ばんせんや
ゆへにけふよりをさ
やくをたてゝはつとをさだ
めなばながくおさまりくに
ひさしくたみやすからんしかれどもそのをさを
たつもいちだいはよろしけれどももしその

つゞく

Part Two upper volume

Caption: "○ The flourishing town of Washington"

(continued) descendants turn out unwise, neglect the government [day by day?], give themselves up to luxury, and men who do evil appear, the country will fall into disorder at once. What good plan would we have then to keep the peace for long?"

So the elders took counsel in the land of Virginia ^? and held a general council. They made Washington head of the country, and all agreed that from then on a wise man would be chosen by common counsel to succeed him, and that each term would be limited to four years. With the matter settled, the elders went back to their own states and told the people everywhere what had been decided. After another year of deliberation they met again in Virginia, finally settled everything, and fixed the number of civil and military officials.

At that time there was still no seat of government in the capital. So, after discussing it, they bought a tract of land thirty-five ri around at a place by the Potomac River, on the border between Virginia and Maryland, and there for the first time they built a capital city. With that, the laws of the new country were complete. They set up a system that ran through the whole land, and taught the people to think of everyone within the four seas as one family and all nations as one body. If two other countries had a quarrel, America would urge both sides to make peace, and keeping the world peaceful and quiet was its first concern. So it came to have dealings and exchange visits with the countries of Europe and Asia, its trade flourished, the country grew rich and the people prosperous, and it truly became a fine new country. This, they say, was how the country of America was founded.

Translator's note. A ri is about 3.9 km. The District of Columbia was actually a square ten miles on a side. The places of the councils are Robun's. The Constitutional Convention met at Philadelphia.

---

Japanese transcription

○華盛頓《わしんとん》の城下《じやうか》繁栄《はんえい》の図《づ》

つゞき
しそん
にいたりかしこ
からずまつ
りごと
に日
おこたり
おごりにふけり

▲ところ〴〵のたみへつげしらしめふたゝび
ひやうぎすることいちねんにして又ゐる
ぎやにいたりていよ〳〵さうだんけつ
ちやくし文くわん武くわんそのいんず
をさだめしなりこの
ときいまだみやこに
しろなしよつておの〳〵
ひやうぎしてゐるぎにや
と○まれいらんど
とのさかい○ほとまく
川といふところにおい
てめぐり三十五りのちをかいにはじ
めて都城《とじやう》をきづくこゝにおいて
しんこくのはつとすでにそなはり
つうづるせいどをさだめくに
たみをして四かいは一ツ
けのごとくばんこくは
いつたいのごとく
おもはしめもし
ほかのくにゝことあり
てあらそふときは
さうはうへわぼくを
すゝめてんかをして
やすくしづかなら
しむるをだい一と

あしきおこ
なひをなす
ものいでき
なばくには
たちまちみだる
べしそのときいづ
れのよきはかり
ごとありてながく
やすきことを
たもたんや
こゝにおいてとし
よりたちひやうぎ
にやのちにおいて
しゆうぎ
なしわしん
とんを
くにのを
さとなし
みないちどう
ひやうぎのうへにて
けんしやをえらびて
かはりとなし四かねんを
かぎりとなすべしとおの〳〵ひやうぎ
いつけつしてとしよりたちおのれ〳〵の
くにへもどりそのびやうぎするところをもつて▲

なすこゝにおいて
ゑうらつぱのしよ
こくあじあのくに〴〵
とまじはりつるひのわう
らいありてかうえきの
みちさかんとなりくに
うるほひたみゆたかにして
まことにあたらしきよき
くにとはなりにけるこれ
あめりかくにをたてるのはじ
めなりとぞ

Part Two end of upper volume / start of lower volume

Captions (right page): "Translated by Robun" / "Pictures by Yoshitora"

○ Now, by the law of America, a president holds office for no more than four years. Washington held office eight years in all, and then handed the presidency on to a man called Adams. When Washington at last passed from this world, everyone called him "Father of the Country". They honour him deeply because of his great services to the nation. Adams held office for four years and passed it on to a man called Jefferson. Jefferson held office for eight years and passed it on to a man called Madison. Madison held office for eight years and passed it on to Adams, the son of Adams. Adams held office for eight years and passed it on, they say, to a man called Van Buren.

Translator's note. Robun leaves out Monroe (1817–25) and Jackson (1829–37), and gives John Quincy Adams eight years instead of four.

Captions (left page): "○ A steamship" / "[Continued?] from Book Two"

… so when they first held their council, chose a president and made the country's laws, the country had only thirteen states. Later Vermont was added, then [E?]niyasu ^?, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Missouri, Michigan and Arkansas, making twenty-six states in all, with more than thirteen million people.

No one from the Asian countries, such as Japan, Siam or Annam, had ever come to live in America. Only people from European countries came: Italy, France, Holland, England, Spain, Sweden and the like. But even these mostly came and went year by year, and most of those who stayed long in America were English. That is why Americans dress and get themselves up just like the English. After that, French, (continued next)

Translator's note. The left page seems to begin the lower volume, partway through a sentence. One state name, read [e]niyasu, can't be identified. Robun names only ten new states, although he counts twenty-six in all.

---

Japanese transcription

魯文訳

芳虎画

○そも〳〵あめりか
こくのおきてにとう
りやうのくらゐに
あること四年をかぎり
とすわしんとんくら
ゐにあることつがふ
八年にしてあゝだむす
といふものにとうりやうを
ゆづりつたふわしんとんつひに
世をさりければおの〳〵よびて
国父殿といふくにの▲

▲ために大こうあるを
もつてふかくそんきやうなす
ゆへなりあゝだむすくらゐにあること
四年にしてゑつひるそんといふものにくらゐ
をゆづる
ゑつひる
そんくら
ゐに△

△あること八年にしてまぢぞん
といふものにくらゐをつたふ
まぢそんくらゐにあること
八年にしてあゝだむすの子あ
だむしすにつたふあだむし
すくらゐにあること八年
にしてばんびゆれんと
いふ
ものに
つたへり
とぞ

○火輪舩《くわりんせん》の圖《づ》

二の巻より直

ばそのはじめひやう
ぎをさだめとりれう
をたてくにのおきて
をまうくるときは▲

▲その
くにたゞ
十三部なりしが
のちにふるまん
どをまして△

△ゑにやす○おいを○ろいしあな
○いんちあな○みすしすしつぴ○いるり
のいす○みつそをり○みしかん○あるかんさ
すをましてつがふ二十六部にんべつ千三百よ万
ありあめりかのこくないはもとあじあしうの
うちから日本しやむろ越南《あんなん》しよこくの人
はいたることなしたゞゑうろつぱしうのうち○いたりや
○ふらんす○おらんだ○いぎりす○いすぱにや○すゑい
てんとうのくにのひといたるのみしかしこのしよこくの人も
とし〴〵きたりとし〴〵かへるのみにてひさしくあめりかに
とうりうするものはたゞいぎりすのひとを
おほしとすゆへにあめりかのじんぶつ
いせうのこしらへはいぎりすに
おなじやうなりそのゝち
ふらんす〔つぎへ〕

Part Two lower volume, leaf 10 ^?

(continued) Dutch and people of other countries came in crowds, the population grew day by day, and today it is said to be more than twenty million.

As for the lie of the land, the whole continent is divided into three. In the east, some tens of ri from the Atlantic Ocean, there is a range of mountains running from south to north, and its scenery is as lovely as a painting. From these mountains to the [coast?] is one part. To the east [sic, for west?], some tens of ri from the Pacific Ocean, there is a ridge running from north to south, looking just like a stretched thread. From this ridge to the first mountains is another part. These are the so-called three parts.

If you follow the shore east, north and south ^? from here, the land grows steadily wider. In its north-eastern corner, mountains and sea lie side by side and there is no spare land at all. In the south-east there is flat land, with mountains and rivers side by side and waterfalls on the mountain tops. The mountains in the west are about one jō high and lie some fifteen hundred ri from the Pacific. They say most of the rivers that flow into the Pacific wind their way through these mountains.

North and south, the country is not equally hot or cold. The north is very cold, and it gets hotter as you go south. The fields are the same: in the north they can be worked only at certain seasons, while in the south there is the danger of floods. In the northern lands the snow lies until the fourth or fifth month every year. In the middle lands there is little snow or frost, and as you go south the air is clear and warm, though at times it turns cool. All in all, the four seasons are not the same through the year, and the heat and cold vary from year to year. So whether crops turn out good or bad ^? (continued next)

Translator's note. A jō is about 3 m; "one jō" for a mountain range is surely a slip or misprint in the original. The picture shows hunters in furs in a snowy forest.

---

Japanese transcription

つゞきおらんだとうしよ
こくの人むれをなして日々
に人《にん》べつのかずふへとうじ
は二千万人にあまれりとぞ
またそのちのさまはわけて
全洲《ぜんしう》を三ツとなす
ひがし○あたらんちせ海を
さることすじうりにして
山ありみなみよりして北に
わたりそのけいしよくのうつく
しきことゑにかきたるがごとく
この山よりくつみにいたるまでを
一分とすひがし大へい海をさる
ことす十里にしてみねあり
北よりみなみにわたるその
ありさまいとをひきたる
にことならずこのみね
よりいせんの山にいたる
を一分となすいはゆる
三分なりこれよりひがし
きたみなみはまべに
そふてゆけばしだいに
ひろくそのひがしきたの
すみは山とうみづら
なりてすこしもちのあま

りなしひがしみなみはたひら
かなるところあり山河《さんか》
ならび山のいたゞきにたき
ありそのにしにある山の
たかさ一丈ばかりなり太平
かいとへだゝること千五百
よりおよそ河水数の
太平かいにながれいる
ものこの山中をめぐると
いふこのくにみなみきた
によりてさむきあつき
おなじからずきたのかたは
はなはださむくやうやくみな
みへゆけばあつしでんぢなども
そのごとくきたのかたはときによりて
かうさくすべしみなみのかたはかう
ずいのうれひありきたのかたの
とちはまいとし四五月ごろまでは
ゆきありちうわうのとちはまい
ねんゆきしもすくなくしてみなみ
のかたにちかつけばやうきはれ
あたゝかにしてときによりて
すゞむなりそうたいねんぢうの
四時おなじからずまいとしの
あつささむきまたことなりゆへ
によろづのものゝできふできかうの〔つぎへ〕

Part Two lower volume, leaf 13 ^?

Caption: "Digging gold and silver in the mountains of [the Snowy ? Range?], United States territory, North America"

(continued) depends on heat and cold and on how good or poor the land is.

Now, everything people need from day to day comes out of the earth, and the most important of all are gold and silver. After them nothing ranks higher than copper, iron and tin. Long ago there was very little gold or silver in America. Only recently was it found that there are many mines in North Carolina and elsewhere, and every year great quantities of gold, silver, copper and quicksilver are dug out. [The trees?] (continued)

Translator's note. The caption is badly worn. The first characters of the range's name seem to be "Snow … range", which could stand for the Sierra Nevada of the California gold fields, but that is a guess.

---

Japanese transcription

つゞき
あつきさむさ
とちのよしあしにより
ておなじからず
とぞさて又せけん
日々にいり
ようの▲

北《きた》亜《あ》墨利《めり》加洲の内合衆国領《がつしゆうこくりやう》雪■連の山中より金銀をほり出す図

▲ものはとち
よりせうぜざる
ものはなしその
うちにいたつて
かなめなる△

△ものは
きん〴〵な
り

あかゞねの
てつすゞ
のたぐひ
にすぎ
たるは
なし
むかしは
あめりかにきん〴〵は
いたつてすくなしちかごろ
はじめて北かろりなその⊠

⊠ほかところ〴〵におほく
かな山あることをしりまいねんほりいだす
きん〴〵あかゞねみつかねあまたなりきまゞは〔つゞく〕

Part Two lower volume, leaves 13–14

Captions: "Pig" / "Wild horse" / "Dog" / "Sheep" / "Wild boar" / "Wild ox" / "Rashamen (wool sheep)"

(continued) grow thick and lush. Coal comes from a place called Pennsylvania. It is of the finest quality and there is plenty of it. At first, though, the land was wide and the people few, so they burned only brush and wood and did not use coal. Lately the population has grown, but there is as much brush and wood as ever, and it never seems to run short.

Salt is made at the seashore. In the mountains there are also salt ponds and salt rocks, and all of them are made into salt. There is also a certain mountain whose spring water has oil in it. It is used as medicine, and also burned in lamps and for cooking food. They say anyone may take gold, silver, copper, coal or salt freely, as much as he likes.

There are about a hundred and thirty kinds of trees. The tall ones reach three jō or more, and the very tallest nine jō. They are excellent for building ships and for making masts. There is also lacquer ^?, and its good [...]. There is also [sugar?] [...]; they gather the sap of the [...] trees [...], so they say.

Translator's note. The last lines of the left page are worn away in the NDL copy. The separately issued Osaka copy of Part Two (Osaka Pref. Lib. 乙-342, vol. 2, p0006) is clearer here. It confirms "there is also lacquer, and its good …", and in the small closing block it shows "[sugar?] … sap of the trees … gathered … so they say". This is probably sugar made from maple sap, but the remaining characters are still unreadable at that copy's resolution.

---

Japanese transcription

猪《ぶた》

（つゞき）よくおひしげりせきたんは
へんせいふあにいといへるところ
よりいづるいたつて
上ひんにてかつたく
さんなれども
そのはじめはとち
ひろくたみすく
なきゆへにくさ
木のみとりもち
ひてせきたんは
もちひずちかごろ
はじんかおほくな
れどもくさ木は
いぜんのごとくにして
へることなししをは
はまよりせいし
いだし山の
なかに
しを
の▲

野馬

犬《いぬ》

羊《ひつじ》

野猪《ゐのしゝ》

野牛

羅紗《らしや》めん

▲いけしをいし
ありてみなしほに
せいすなりべつに一ツの山ありて
その山のしみづあぶらのけ
ありくすりとなる又はともしび
をてんじしよくもつをたくなり
およそきんぎんあかゞね
せきたんしをのたぐひは
ひと〴〵かつてにとりてもかまひ
なしとぞじゆ木《も》くはたいてい
百三十よしゆありたかきものは
三丈
よも
あり
その
うち
いたつてたかき
ものは九丈
なるものあり
これをもちひてふねを
つくりほはじらをつくる
にもつともめうなりまた
うるしありそのよき■■■▲

△さ■■■■
いき木を■■
みあつめての
■■く■■■
■■く
ありと
いへり

Part Two lower volume, leaves 15–16

○ Generally, when America has the materials for a thing but does not know how to make it, it brings in craftsmen from other countries to teach its own people. And where people know how to make a thing but there aren't enough hands, they borrow the power of water, of fire and of animals. Cotton is woven into cloth by water power, and [the rest?] is woven by the hands of young girls. A fifth of the goods is kept in the country and the rest is sold abroad. Woollen cloth too is made with the help of water power. There is clay in the country for making pottery, but it is not as good as China's. There are a great many printing blocks for books. They don't use [wooden] blocks but always copper plates. So there are a great many type-founders, paper-makers, block-copy writers and the like.

○ In the capital of the United States there are government offices, each with one head and one deputy, and other officials in no fixed number. In the offices there are places where the head, the deputy, and even farmers sit in council together. In matters of government there is no distinction between high and low. The officials all meet, talk it over, and then carry it out. If they cannot all agree, then once six or seven out of ten agree, that settles it.

In the capital there is one President, who is the ruler of the country, and one Vice-President to assist him. These two are chosen by the votes of the people at large. No one may hold the office unless he is at least thirty-five years old and was born in the country. Four years (continued)

---

Japanese transcription

〇およそあめりかはものにかたありてもこれをつくることを
しらざればほかのくによりつくるものをよびよせてくにの
うちのひと〴〵にならはせをしゆるなり又つくることを
しるものありても人のちからなければみつのちから
火のちからけものゝちからをかりてこれをつくるわたを
ぬのにおるにみづのちからをもつておりいだすその
ほかは小女たちの手にておるなりそのしな五分の一を
くにゝとゞめてそのよはたこくへうりさばく也
らしやをおるにもみづのちからをかりて
せいすなりせとものはくにの
うちにつちありてつくると
いへどもからにはおよばず
しよもつはん木はいたつて
おほしみな正はんをもちひ
ずみなどうばんをもちゆる也
このゆへにもじのゐものし
かみすきはんしたかきの
たぐひはなはだおほしとぞ
〇かづしゆうこくのみやこ
には都城《とじやう》の
官府ありて
とうりやうを
ひとりづゝまた
ふくしやうを
ひとりづゝその

ほかのやくにんはいくにんと
さだめなしやくしよにはとうりやう
ふくしやうおよびひやくしやうまで
もひやうぎするところあり
せいじにおいては大小のさべつ
なくおの〳〵官人くわいがふして
ひやうぎのうへほどこしおこなふ
もし又どういせざることも十人の
うち六七人どういのものあら
ばそれときめてしまふ也みや
このうちには一人の大とうりやう
ありてくにのぬしとなり一人の▲

▲そへとうりやうありてたすけとなりぬ右の
ふたりはおほせいのものゝえらびによりて
もちゆるなりこのしよくにいたるもの年三十五
いじやうにおよびこのくにしゆつせうのひとにあら
ざればこのしよくにんずることをゆるさず四年を（つゞく）

Part Two lower volume, leaves 17–18

Caption: "○ A farmhouse in the United States" Mother to child: "Sonny, your daddy's going to buy you a present and bring it home, so be a good boy and wait for him, there!"

(continued) make one term. When four years have passed, another wise man is chosen and the office is handed over to him. If there is no one fit to take his place, the president serves again, at the urging of everyone. If he dies or resigns before his four years are up, the Vice-President serves in his place. It is the same for all later presidents. Ordinary officials are chosen ^? from men aged twenty-five or more [...].

The laws of the country are [well?] laid down, and its government is excellent. In keeping with the country's ways ^? the people live together in harmony and plenty. To relieve the poor [...] if they cannot work ^? [...] the poor [...] money [...] is given them, so that they do not sink ever deeper into poverty.

Against fire, houses are mostly built of tile and stone, and pumps, water-guns and the like are kept ready for emergencies. Against lightning, iron rods are set up at the corners of buildings. Those who are poor and needy (continued next)

Translator's note. The bottom strip of the left page is badly worn in the NDL copy. The Osaka copy (乙-342, vol. 2, p0008) confirms the opening ("the laws of the country … laid down … government is excellent … the country's ways … harmony and plenty"). It also suggests the reading "if they cannot work" in the middle. The rest of the strip is still illegible, so the details of the poor-relief arrangement are lost.

---

Japanese transcription

（つゞき）もつて一トきりとす四年すぐれば
べつにけんじんをえらびそのしよくを
ゆづれりもしかはりをつとむべきもの
なければみな〳〵のすゝめによりて
これまでのとう
りやうさいにんすもし四
年たゝずして
びやうしするか
又はじぶんより
しよくをじたい
すれば
そへたる
とうりやう
をもつてこれを
つとめ
しむ
る
の
ち
〳〵
の
とうりやうもみな
かくのごとしたゞの
やくにんは廿五才
いじやうの人を
えらび■■

〇合衆国内《がつしゆうこくない》田家《でんか》の図

「ぼうやおとつさんが

おみやをかつて
おいでじやから
まち〳〵しておいでヨ

くにのおきては
■■■■■
さだめて
まつりごときは
めてよろしその
くにのかぜう
ほうにかな
ひてたみむつ
ましくゆたか
なりとの
■■まづしき
ものをす
くふには■■
■ま■き
■■■■
ざれば■■
まづしき
みの■
き■■■
■■■■
■■■
■■の金
■■
あたへ▲

▲ますますまづしくならざるやうに
ふせぐとぞくわじをふせぐには
おほ
く
かはら
いしを
もつていへを
つくりとうづくるま
みづでつぽうな
どのうつわをまう
けひじやうにそなふ
かみなりのおつるを
ふせぐにはてつ
のさほをかど
にたてゝこれを
ふせぐひんきう
なるものは（つぎ）

Part Two lower volume, leaves 19–20 ^?

(continued) hire themselves out by the day and so support their wives and children. If [they have no one to support them?], those who are left helpless ^? enter a relief house, where [they live?] and each is given work suited to him ^? to do. Everything they make is stored in the government storehouse. If they have children, teachers are appointed to teach them. So it is said that in the whole of the United States, right out to the ends of the villages, there is no such thing as a beggar.

Every village also has a school. The rich people of the village put up money, invite a teacher, and have him teach all the village children. If there is no rich person in the village, they ask the government for help. The children who study go to school at dawn, study until evening, and then go home, boys and girls alike. The girls, though, have women teachers of their own, and their main lessons are sewing and reading books. There are also teachers who teach in private homes ^?. The village schools take children rich or poor alike, but other schools (continued next)

---

Japanese transcription

（つゞき）日やとひを
なしつま子をやしなひ
もしやうふ人なけ
ればあかた〳〵に
たいたるお
すくひぢや
にいりて
■▲

▲すまひあ
おの〳〵
みふ
なす
わざ
をわけあたへて
つくらしむつく
るところの
しなもの
こと〴〵く△

△しろのくらにおさむ
もしそのつま子をうめばし
せうにめいじてものをまな
ばすさればかつしゆうこく
のうちにはむらざとはし〴〵
にいたるまでこつじきといふ
ものはなしとぞ又いづれの
さとにもがくもんじよを
たておきさとのうちにとみ
たるものぎんをいだしゝせう
をまねぎむらぢうの子
どもらにをしへさすもしその
さとにとめるものなければ
やくしよにねがひてたすけ
をかるなりそのがくもんを
する子どもはよあけて
がくもんじよに
いたりがくもんを
ならひくれに
およびていへに
かへる男女の子どもみな
おなじしかれども女は女
のしせうありてぬひ⊠

⊠はりの
ことおよび
しよもつ
をよましむるを
たいゝちとなすまた
いつけにおしゆるし
せうありさとの
うちのがくもん
じよはまづしき
とみたるにかゝはら
ずいらしむその
ほかのがくもんじよ
はならふものを（つぎへ）

Part Two lower volume, leaf ^?

Captions: "Bridegroom" / "Officiant" / "Bride"

(continued) choose who may study there. The pupils are examined on their learning once a year, and their schooling lasts no more than four years. Anyone who does not obey the teacher's rules is sent away before his four years are up. Those who complete their studies are promoted to become officials. Farmers, merchants and craftsmen each go on managing their own trades just as before.

There are also separate great schools. The people of this country all love music and singing, so they have flutes, drums, cymbals and the like, and the children have music masters to teach them. There are also painters of maps, landscapes, figures, flowers, birds and beasts. And among the [craftsmen] there are carpenters who build bridges, and men who think up new devices in all kinds of crafts, like weaving cloth by the power of water and fire. When they make such things, the government rewards them generously and praises them.

Those who commit crimes are put in prison and taught a trade, so that they are never idle for a single day. There are also good books, which they are made to read on the day of worship. So, it is said, many prisoners regret their past wrongs once they leave prison, mend their ways at last and become good people.

○ This country also has schools for the deaf, the blind, the mute and the crippled, where they are taught. The deaf and mute are taught to make speech with their hands, and the blind have books with raised letters that they read by stroking with their fingers. Those who lose their parents when small are brought up there too. And those who drink deeply and get badly drunk, run wild, and themselves [...] (continued next)

Translator's note. The end of the left page, about men who drink too much, is worn away in the NDL copy. In the Osaka copy (vol. 2, p0010) these columns are clearer but still too small to read with confidence. The next spread goes straight on to temperance pledges.

---

Japanese transcription

むこ

宝師

つゞきえらぶなりまなぶものまい
ねんいちどづゝがくもんのぎんみ
ありがくもんよねんをもつてかぎりとすしせうの
いましめ
に▲

▲したがはざるものは四年
をまたずおいだすがくもん
じやうじゆのものはひきあげて官人《くわんじん》
となるものひやくしやう
あきんどしよく△

⌂さいくにん
はしをきづく
大工ありあるひは
もろ〳〵のさいくに
しんくふうをめぐらし
すい火のちからをもつて
ぬのをおるたぐひせいすればかみ
よりあつくほうびをあたへこれをせうす
ころに
つみ
ある
も
の
は

ひとやにいれおきなすことをさづけ
一日のひまなることなからしむ
又よきしよもつありてれい
はいの日これをよましむ
ゆへにつみびとひとやよりいでゝ
のちぜんひをくやみつひに心
ざしをあらためぜんにんとなる
ものおほしといへり○このくに
つんぼめくらをしのかたわ
ものゝがくもんじよをたて
ならひをしゆつんぼをしには
手にてこゑをしらぶることを

よめ

△にんとなる
ものおの〳〵そのことは
いぜんのごとくつかさどるなり
またへつに大がくもんじよありこのくにのひといづれも
おんがくうた〳〵ふことをこのむゆへにふえたいこすり
がねのたぐひあり子どもには楽師《がくし》ありて
これをおしゆ又ちのり山水じん
ぶつくさばなとりけもの
などのゑかき
ありそのつぎ
には⌂

おしへめくらにはなかだかき
もじのしよもつありて手の
ゆびをもつてなでゝよましむ
いとけなくしてもやうしんを
うしなふ
ものこれ
をそだ
つる又
さけを
ふかく
のみ
大き
に
ゑひ
びと
くる
はし
みづ
から
き■
が■■
■のへ
ひ■■
のおき
■■つと

つぎへ

Part Two lower volume, leaves 18–19

(continued) set up, and in it a register is kept where the names of those who give up drink are written down. Once a man has come forward to take the pledge, he may not break it. Lately so many have given up drink that the sake shops have all gone over to other trades and no longer brew sake.

Also, in the city seventy-five doctors were chosen to look into what harm or good sake does to the body. People learned that sake does harm and no good at all, so now those who have sworn off drinking are well over half of the country.

Most sailors are poor and needy, so even their wives and children are taken in and supported in public lodging-houses.

There is also a society in the country called the Kankwakai, the "Society for Encouraging Peace". If its members quarrel, or if two countries are not on friendly terms, it urges them to make peace and binds them together like brothers.

○ When the land was first opened up there were no people in it yet. The Lord on High made one man and set him over all the people as their master. Then he made a woman and gave her to him as his wife. That was the beginning of marriage, and it has come down from generation to generation without changing.

In this country nobody keeps concubines at all. There is never any case of a boy and girl being promised in marriage while they are still children. When a young man is fifteen or older, he looks for a good girl. If she is not a close relative, he tells her father and elder brother and they become friends. They visit back and forth for three to five years, until each side knows the other's nature and conduct well. Or else the two meet face to face and settle the wedding day themselves, and each of their parents [...]. There are none of the customs of betrothal gifts and gift-lists. On the wedding day the man and woman go up into the hall and take each other's hands, (continued)

Translator's note. The "Lord on High" (上帝) is the term the Chinese Protestant books Robun drew on used for God. The Kankwakai is presumably the American Peace Society.

---

Japanese transcription

つゞきたつてそのうちにちやうめんをおききんじゆのものゝ
せいめいをしるす一トたびきんしゆのばにすゝむものはいましめ
をやぶることをゆるさすちか
ごろきんじゆのもの
あまたなれ
ばさか
やは
みな
ほかの
せうばいと
なりてさけを
つくることを
なさず又
しろの
うちに七十
五人のゐしや
をえら
び▲

▲さけは人の
身にそんとくいかゞあるを
しらべさするにひと〴〵さけのそんありてゑき

△あるじとなし又一女子をせうじこれにめあ
はすふうふのれいこれよりはじまりだい〳〵
つたへてかはりたることなしたゞこのくにはめかけ
をかゝゆることさらになし男女
さりながら子
どもの
うち
より
こんれい
のやく
そくを
なす
ためし
もなし
十五以上
なれば
よき
むすめ
をもとめ
もしちか
きものにあら

なきをしるゆへにのむことをいまし
むるものくにのうちなかばより
よほどおほし水主このものおほくは
ひんきうのみなればそのさいし
までをすくひ△

△公どやにてやしない
またくにのうちにいづ
くわいありなづけて勧和会《くわんわくわい》といふもし
なかまのものあらそひりやうこくむつまし
からざればすゝめてわぼくさせきやうだい
のごとくちなみを⊠

⊠むすばしむ

○くにひらけたるはじめいまだひとあらず
上帝師一男子をうみ給ひばんみんの△

ざればそのちゝ
あにゝつげよしみを
むすびたがひに
わうらいする
こと三五年に
してかれこれ
のせいしつ
ぎやうじやう
をたがひに
よくしり
あひある
ひはまの
あたりみづ
からこんいんの
日をとり
きめ
おの〳〵
その
父母
は◀

◀つかへる■■■
ゆいのうもくろくなどの
れいなしこんれいの日に男女
どうにのぼりたがいに手を
つゞく

Part Two lower volume, leaf 19 ^?

Caption: "○ Americans watching a balloon"

(continued) and the couple's names are written down, wrapped and sealed. After that their names are entered in the register of inhabitants. From then on they keep the duties of husband and wife, unchanged until their hair turns white.

In the twenty-six states of the United States there is no such thing as lord and vassal, only a distinction between higher and lower. From the President down, through the officials of the nation, of the states, of the cities and of the counties, ranks differ. But there is no difference at all in their clothes or their food. Only when it comes to serving people in authority, everyone treats them with respect. The three bonds of parent and child, brothers and friends are much the same as in China.

They eat three meals a day [...] wheat [...] and tea ^? and so on. Besides these there are chicken, pork, duck, beef and mutton, mostly roasted, which they cut up and eat, along with fruit, dry sweets, cow's milk, eggs and the like. There is tea and there is wine. In each house they set up a single table, spread a cloth over it, and place the various dishes on it. They serve each person his food on a plate of his own, and use no chopsticks, only a slim little knife. When they go out they use carriages and horses.

There are no festival days in the year, and no day is lucky or unlucky. Only every seventh day they hold a service of worship. Apart from that, things are no different from China.

When someone dies, one person washes the body, dresses it in a single undergarment, folds the hands together in prayer, and lays it in a coffin. After three to five days it is buried. The grave is walled on four sides with stone, iron or tin, and then the coffin is laid in it. The close relatives who see it off wear black. A stone monument is set up on the grave, carved on its face with the dead person's birthday and the day of death, and a stone railing runs round all four sides, they say, to keep sheep from trampling it.

The people of the United States make it their rule to put to use the principles they are taught ^?. Every one of them works hard and never slacks. Some go fishing, (continued next)

---

Japanese transcription

つゞき　とりふう
ふの名をしるし
これをつゝみふう
ゐんすそのゝち
ふうふのせい
めいをにんべつ
ちやうにつけ
このゝちふうふ
のれいをおこ
なひともしら
がまでもかはら
ずとなりがう
しゆうこく二十
六部のうち君
臣《しん》の名なし
たゞ上下のけちめ
あるのみなり国
領《りやう》と部領《りやう》同
府領《りやう》あがた
りやうのとう
りやうよりいげ
くらゐはおなじ
からずたゞしいふく
しよくもつはこと
なることなし

▲おなじことなりしよくもつ
はまいにちさんどなりき
■■■
むぎ■■
又やふく
か■らの
ちやなど
とうありそのほかにはとり
ぶたうをかもうしひつじ
おほくはやき
ものをのぞむ
きづつて
わりて
くらふ
なら
びに
くだ
もの

ひぐわしうしのちゝたまごとうのもの
あるひはちやありさけあり
いつけんのいへにてひとつの
だいをともしだいのうへ
にぬのをしきいろ〳〵
のしよくもつを
そのうへにおき一ツ

○亜墨利加人《あめりかじん》

風船《ふうせん》を見る

たゞけんゐある
ひとにつかふる
にいたりては
みなこれを
そんきやう
すおや子
きやうだい
ともだちの
三倫《りん》は
からと
ほゞ▲

のさらをもつてくひ
ものをめい〳〵にもり
はしをもちひずたゞこ
がたなのほそきをもちゆ又
そとへいづるにはくるまうま
をもちゆとしつきのうちに
気節なく
まいにちにても
よしあしなしたゞ七日
めには一礼拝《いちれいはい》する
のみそのよは
からとかはりたる
ことなしひと死

すればこれがために一人ゆかんをなしひとつのはだぎを
きせ手をそろはしてがつせうさせくわんにいれ三五日をへて
ほうむるそのはかは石あるひはてつ又はすゞをもつて四はうを
かこひしかるのちひつきをおさむちかしきものども見おく
りをなすにいふくくろきをもちひはかのうへにせきひを
たつひのおもてにしせるものゝたんぜう日きにちをしるし
又いしのらんかんをもつて四はうをめぐらし
ひつじのふむことをふせぐといへり

あめりかがうしゆうこくのたみはきやう
するところのことはりにもちゆるの
をむねとしくにたみおの〳〵つとめはげみ
ておこたらずあるひはすなどりを

Part Two lower volume, last leaf

Captions: "Translated by Robun" / "Pictures drawn by Yoshitora" / "CONSTITUTION" (on the balloon)

(continued) and some board great ships, cross to every country and trade there, making that their calling all their lives.

At first the people suffered sorely at the hands of England. But through the loyal service ^? of three men, Washington, Franklin and Adams, they achieved their aim. In 1783, when peace was made at Paris, the capital of France, England [granted?] that the United States might stand on its own. Truly this was a great deed, whose fair name shines out among all the countries of the world, and a most happy affair. And so all ended happily.

○ Part Three takes up the tales of Holland, Spain and Turkey, and Parts Four and Five follow on from it. They will set before you the state of all the different countries, gathered from many books and softened into easy words for young ladies and gentlemen. We humbly beg your continued custom.

Translator's note. The 1783 peace is the Treaty of Paris, by which Britain recognised American independence.

Left page (publisher's catalogue): Catalogue of new books, spring of Ansei 7 (1860):

• Willow-Curtain Pioneer Booklet (柳幕魁双紙), Parts 1–8 [and sequel?]: text by Tamenaga Hyōchō, pictures by Ichijusai Kunisada.
• The Capital-Bird and Matsuwaka of the Stream (都鳥汀松若), Parts 1–3, complete: text by Ryūsuitei Tanekiyo; pictures by the same [artist].
• First Autumn Leaves: The Ogura Poem-Card (初紅葉小倉色紙), Part 1, [to be] complete in 5: by the same.
• Butterflies and Plovers: Kameyama Dyeing (蝶鵆亀山染), Parts 1–3: by the same.
• Yoshitsune and the Thousand Cherry Trees (義経千本櫻), Parts 1–3 [Part 2 completes the story?]: by the same.
• Ishikawa at Kamagafuchi (釜ヶ渕■■石川), Parts 1–3, complete: text by Hanagasa Bunkyō, pictures by Ichiyūsai Kuniyoshi.
• Flowers of Speech on the Rope of Fate (縁綱詞花咲), 2 vols, complete: text by Hanmonji Eiju, pictures by Isshōsai Yoshimune.
• A Lucky Catch at One Cast (當利生一網), 2 vols, complete: text by Tamenaga Hyōchō, pictures by Utagawa Kunimori.
• The Thunder-Goddess in a Wet Robe (濡衣女鳴神), 4 vols out: Parts 1–2 revised by Hyōchō, Part 3 by Tamenaga Senshō, pictures by Ichijusai Kunisada.

Picture-book and storybook wholesaler: Tsujiokaya Bunsuke (Kinshōdō), Yokoyama-chō 3-chōme, Ryōgoku, Edo.

Japanese transcription

魯文譯

芳虎畫圖

CONSTITUTION

つゞき　なし
あるひは大
ぶねにのりて
ばんこくにわたり
かうえきをなし
せうがいこれ
をかぎやうと
せり▲

▲そのはじめいぎりすのためにはなはだ
たみふかくくるしめにあひたりしを
○わしんとんふらんきりんあゝだ
むすの三人のちゆうぎによりて
そのこゝろざしをたつし千七百八十
三年ふらんすのみやこばりすに
おいてわぼくのときがうしゆうこくの
みづからたつることをゆるさ■すにいた
れるはまことにせかいのくに〴〵へびめい
をかゞやかすの大こうといふべくめで
たかりけることどもなりめでたし〳〵
○第三へんはおらんだいすぱにや
とるこのものがたりより四へん
五へんとひきつゞきくに〴〵の
ありさまをもろ〳〵のしよもつの
うちよりぬきいだしお子さまがた
お女中さまがたにわかりやすく
ときやわらげごらんにいれ候あいだ
あいかはらず御もとめのほど
ねがひあげたてまつりそろ

安政七庚申年春新板目録

(publisher's mark)

柳幕魁双紙《やなぎまくさきがけさうし》　初ゟ八追尾　為永瓢長作　一寿齊國貞画
都鳥汀松若《みやこどりながれのまつわか》　初　二　三よみ切　柳水亭種清作　同
初紅葉小倉色紙《はつもみぢおぐらのしきし》　初　同　五よみ切　同
蝶鵆亀山染《てふちどりかめやまぞめ》　初　同　二　三　同
義経千本櫻《よしつねせんぼんざくら》　初　同　二よみきり　三　同
作　画　作　画　作　画　作　画
釜ヶ渕水外石川《かまがふち■■いしかは》　初　花笠文京作　二　三よみ切　一勇齊國芳画
縁綱詞花咲《えんのつなことばのはなさき》　二冊よみ切　半文字英寿作　一松齊芳宗画
當利生一網《あたりりしやうのひとあみ》　二冊よみ切　為永瓢長作　歌川國盛画
濡衣女鳴神《ぬれぎぬをんななるかみ》　四冊出板　一　二瓢長改　三為永千章作　一寿齊國貞画
地本艸紙問屋　江戸両國横山町三丁目　辻岡屋文助　金松堂

Part Three upper volume, front matter

Right page (publisher's catalogue and advertisements):

New publications, Ansei 7 (1860), year of the Elder Metal Monkey. Contents:

• The Soga Tale in Coloured Covers (色表紙曽我物語), part 2. Text by Tamenaga Shunsui; pictures by Baichōrō Kunisada.
• Martial Glory Resounding: Sasaki and Miyamoto (名響武術譽), part 2. Text by Rakutei Saiba; pictures by the same.
• Brocade Writings of the Three Worlds (三世相錦繡文章), part 2. Text by Ryūsuitei Tanekiyo; pictures by Utagawa Kunisato.
• Butterflies and Plovers: May Rains at Susono (蝶鵆裾野皐月雨), part ^?. Text by Ryūentei Tanehisa; pictures from part 1 on by Ikkeisai Yoshiiku.
• The Seven Transformations of the Golden Cat (金花七變化). Text by Kakutei Shūga; pictures for parts 2 and 3 by Baichōrō Kunisada.

Takeda Plaster (武田膏): large shell 100 mon ^?, small shell 20 copper mon, medium shell 48 copper mon. Carefully made by Iijima Keizaburō, Ningyō-chō street, Edo.

Divine Unicorn Pills (神仙 一角丸): a restorative and antidote, good for the five infant ailments and all sorts of illness. Made up by Ōno Denbei, Tōgane-machi, Kazusa province.

Wholesaler of picture-books: Tsujiokaya Bunsuke (Kinshōdō), Yokoyama-chō 3-chōme, Ryōgoku, Edo. […]

Translator's note. This is the same catalogue that appears at the front of Part Two. The small part numbers printed beside each author's and artist's name are partly uncertain and have been simplified here.

Left page (title page): Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries, Part Three, upper volume. Translated by Kanagaki Robun; pictures by Ichimōsai Yoshitora. Newly carved, spring of the Year of the Rooster, Bunkyū 1. Blocks held by Kinkyōdō.

Translator's note. Bunkyū 1 is 1861.

Japanese transcription

安政七庚申年新版目次

色表紙曽我物語《いろびやうしそがものがたり》 二

初 為永春水作

三 梅蝶樓國貞画

佐崎 宮本 名響武術譽《なにひゞくぶじゆつのほまれ》 二

初 楽亭西馬作

三 同　画

三世相錦繡文章《さんぜさうにしきぶんしやう》 二

初 柳水亭種清作

初ゟ 哥川國郷画

蝶鵆裾野皐月雨《てふちどりすそのゝさみだれ》 丹

二 柳煙亭種久作

初より 一恵齋芳幾画

金花七變化《ねこまたしちへんげ》

初 鶴亭秀賀作

二 三 梅蝶樓國貞画

武田膏　大貝百文　小貝二十銅　中貝四十八銅　江戸人形町通 飯島啓三郎謹製

神仙 一角丸　気つけ 毒けし 小児五かん 諸病よし　調合所 上総國東金町 大野傳兵衛

地本 問屋　江両國横山町三丁目　辻岡屋文助

艸紙 白 金松堂

童繪解萬國噺《おさなゑときばんこくばなし》

三編上之巻《さんべんじやうのまき》

假名垣魯文譯

一猛齋芳虎画

文久辛酉春新刻

錦橋堂 壽梓

Part Three colour frontispiece

Captions: "Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries, Part Three" / "Upper" / "Dai[…]hon"

Translator's note. The picture shows a Western woman in a feathered headdress and tiered skirt, holding a peacock-feather fan. The small seal under "Upper" is faint, and only its first and last characters (大 … 本) can be read.

Japanese transcription

童繪解萬國噺《おさなゑときばんこくばなし》 三編

上

大■■本

Part Three leaf 1: lower-volume title and Robun's preface

Right page: Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries, Part Three, lower volume. Caption: "Name of the bird: […]"

Translator's note. The right page was read from the scan; it is not in the transcription. Its picture shows three long-necked birds flying over a ship's paddle wheel and waves. The katakana bird name in the label is only partly legible.

Left page: preface.

The heart of the popular historical tale is to take its matter from things near at hand and to draw from it the lesson that good is rewarded and evil punished; that is what an author must keep in mind. Be that as it may, though this book follows the usual fashion of our storybooks in its form, it does not set out fables or empty fictions. It rests on the Haiguo tuzhi, which a Chinese scholar translated from the original work of the Dutchman Kramers, and on other books besides, such as the Zōyaku Sairan igen, the Amerika ittōshi and the Seiyō zakki. So that children and women may read it easily, I have softened these rare tales and strange reports into plain kana in our own country's language. I have searched out the true facts of that new country, and so they take their place among the new publications. This is already the third part. In this busy world there is hardly time to smoke a pipe, and the publisher has hurried the author along to get it on sale.

Written by Kanagaki Robun, in the last month of spring, Year of the Rooster, the year the era was renamed Bunkyū.

Translator's note. Haiguo tuzhi (海国図志, "Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Countries") is Wei Yuan's Chinese world geography of 1843, much read in Japan in the 1850s. The original author's name, 葛拉墨兒, is a Chinese spelling of Kramers, as u/CauliflowerFew7729 identified in a translation on Reddit (see the Introduction). The small, worn kana beside it were misread for this translation as Urumero-shi. Zōyaku Sairan igen (1802) and Seiyō zakki are Japanese works on the West by Yamamura Saisuke. Amerika ittōshi ("Gazetteer of America") has not been identified.

Japanese transcription

一 序

演義小説《えんぎせうせつ》の本据《ほんきよ》たる。事を凡《おほよそ》の近きに採て。義《ぎ》を勧懲《くわんちやう》

に発すをもて。編者《へんしや》の用意《ようい》と為《な》せるにこそ。莫遮《さばれ》此《この》書の

体載《ていさい》や。例の稗史《はいし》の顰《ひそみ》に倣へど。寓言架空《ぐうげんかくう》の話説《わせつ》を

設《まうけ》ず。蘭人《らんじん》葛拉墨兒氏《うるめろし》が原譯たるを。清人《せいひと》の飜譯せし。

海國圖志《かいこくづし》を始とし。其他《そのた》増譯采覧異言《ぞうやくさいらんいげん》。或は亜墨《あめ》

利加一統志《りかいつとうし》。西洋襍記《せいやうざつき》の諸書《しよしよ》に原《もと》き。童蒙婦幼《どうもうふよう》に

見安《みやす》くせんとて。皇國言葉《みくにことば》を假名文《かなぶみ》に。解和《ときやは》らげし珍説《ちんせつ》

異聞《いぶん》。彼《かの》新国《しんこく》の事實《じじつ》を探りて。新板物《しんぱんもの》の數《かず》に

充《みつ》るも。既《すで》に此度《このたび》で三編目《さんへんめ》。煙草《たばこ》呑間もあら沙婆《しやば》

の。作者と共に賣出《うりだ》しを。梓《あづさ》の主《ぬし》が急ぎ侍りぬ

文久改元

辛酉季春

假名垣魯文記

Part Three picture: the demon of the storm

[Full-spread picture. A huge shaggy, many-headed demon looms out of storm clouds and sun-rays over a ship's chains and rigging (right). A man and a woman in Western dress, perhaps Meriken and Harina, are thrown about on the deck (left).]

Translator's note. This page is not in the transcriptions. Its three name cartouches are worn almost blank in the NDL copy. They are a little clearer in the Waseda copy (vol2/p0005), but still too faint to read with confidence, so they are not translated. The scene is the storm in leaves 11–13 below.

Japanese transcription

■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■

■■■ ■國■ ■■■ ■■■ ■■■

米■■ ■■ ■■

Part Three picture: Washington and Caroline in battle

Captions: "Caroline, Washington's wife" / "Ashura, an English official" / "Washington, son of Meriken"

[Full-spread picture. Washington, in a black coat, draws a sabre against a glaring English officer. Behind them a woman in a crinoline wrestles a musket from black soldiers in blue coats.]

Translator's note. The captions are taken from the Waseda copy, where this picture page is bound in the second volume with its running title cut off. The same picture is also bound in the NDL copy at this point (vol3/p0006), between the preface and the opening of the story, so it is placed here as a frontispiece. In both copies, the first cartouche, transcribed as 〔諸?〕国 東夷 加礼留, reads on close inspection 話聖東妻 加礼留, "Caroline, wife of Washington". The scene belongs to later events: Caroline only meets Washington at the end of this part, and the English official Ashura does not appear in it.

---

Japanese transcription

話聖東妻 加礼留

英吉利《いぎりす》の官人《くわんにん》 阿修羅《あしゆら》

米理幹男《めりけんせがれ》 話聖東《わしんとん》

Part Three leaves 3–4

Captions: "Part Three begins" / "Civil and military officials" / "Columbus" / "Isabella, Queen of Spain"

The world is shaped like a bird's egg, round and very vast ^?. Wherever you go, whatever the land, it is full of people and thick with grass and trees, and this is called the handiwork of Creation. And because the world is round like an egg, when we consider its regions we find there are even lands where people stand with the soles of their feet against ours. The New World of America, which has lately come to notice, is just such a land: it stands sole to sole with our own great country.

Now, if we ask how this New World first came to light: it was in the time of Go-Tsuchimikado, the [thirty-sixth?] of our country's human sovereigns. In Europe there lived a man named Columbus, who served the country called Spain as a guest retainer ^?. From his childhood he had mastered the art of crossing the great ocean, and from always watching the winds at sea he came to understand that there was another world in the west. "I long to find that world," he thought, "and to open that country to men."

Translator's note. Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado reigned 1464–1500 and is traditionally counted the 103rd sovereign. The ordinal printed here is unclear. The worn word read kyahebun is taken as kyakubun (客分), a man serving a lord as an honoured guest, following u/CauliflowerFew7729's reading; one character after it is still unclear.

Japanese transcription

三べんよみはじめ

文武官

閣龍

○それせかいのかたちたるやとりのたま

ごのごとくまろらかにしてきはめてくうだいにそのめぐり

△おほみくにと

あしのうらをあはせ

たるくにとかやそも〳〵

このしんせかいのあら

はれたるそのおこりを

たづぬるにわが

くに人

皇⊠

⊠三十六代

後土御門院《ごつちみかどゐん》

の■んのおんときに

あたるゑうろつぱ

しうのうち○いす

いすはにや女王

いさべるら

いづれのちをとはずこと〴〵くひとをせうじくさき

しげるこれを造化ぎのたくみ

といへりかつせかいのかたち

まろきたまご▲

▲のごときを

もつてこの地方《ちはう》を

ろんずるときはあしのうら

をあはしてたてるくにもありすなはち

きんらいのしんせかいあめりか

しうはわが△

はにやといへるくに

のきやへぶんの具

■さん閣龍が

といへる人あり

けりこのものおさな

きころより大かいを

わたれるじゆつに

じざいをえたれば

つねに海上せうの

かぜのぎを見て西

のかたに一ツのせかい

あることをさとり

ねがはくはその

せかいを見いだ

しそのくに

をひらかん

次

Part Three leaves 4–5

Captions: "Columbus"

Having made up his mind, he petitioned the King of Spain and won his permission. He built great ships and stocked them with provisions and all manner of stores ^?. In the second year of Meiō in our country, on the third day of the eighth month in theirs, he hoisted sail on his great ship from the harbour called Palos. He set the needle of the compass ^? to the west and broke through the surging waves. Thirty-four days went by, and on and on they sailed, crossing nothing but the boundless blue sea. Never an island did they see that might be the place they sought; they could only gaze up at the light of the sun and moon, which rose out of the sea and sank into the sea again.

Then many of the men he had brought with him in the ship began to rail at Columbus with one voice. "Hey, master! You talked up this useless scheme and made our king spend a vast sum on it. And not only that: you built ships the like of which no one ever heard of, and brought us out on the great ocean in search of a New World nobody knows the end of. All these days have passed, and we haven't seen so much as a pinch of an island. Where is your New World, then? We have fathers and mothers at home, and wives and children too. How much longer are you going to waste our days like this without a thought for us? Enough is enough. Give the whole thing up! If you can't find the New World within three days from today, we'll put our heads together and sink you in the sea, or else beat you to pieces with clubs ^? as a warning to later ages!"

So they clamoured noisily, and Columbus

Translator's note. Meiō 2 is 1493; Columbus in fact sailed on 3 August 1492.

Japanese transcription

閣龍

つゞき
と思ひ
た
ち
いすは
にや国
王家
にそう
もんなし
そのゆるし
をえて
たいせんを
つくりなし
これに
ひやうらう
ろよろを
たくはへわが
くに明應
二年かの
くにの八月
三日はろ
すといへる
みなとより
かの大せんに
まほうち

▲あまたのもの
どもくち〴〵に
ころんを

◀のゝしり
いへるやう「やをれ
せんせいそこ
もとむゑき
のことを
いひたて⊗

△大
かいにわれ〳〵
をのりいださせすで
にいくばく日をふれども
一トつまみの
しまさへ
見ず
しんせかい
はいづれに
ありやわれ
らはこきやうに
ふぼもありつま子
もあるをこゝろなく
いつまでかくて日を
ふるぞや「モウよき
ほどにこのことをやめ
にして可ならん
かもしこんにち
より三日をかぎり

あげじしやく
のむしを
にしにむけ
さかまく
なみを
うちやぶり
すでに
日をへて
三十四日
ゆけども
〳〵ひやう
ばうたる
あをうな
ばらをす
ぐるのみ
こゝぞと
思ふしまも
見ずうみ
よりいでて
うみにいる
つき日のひか
りをあほぐ
のみせんちう
にしたがへ
つれたる▲

⊠わがこく
わうに
ばくたい
のいりめを
かけたる●

●のみ
ならず
ためしもきか
ざるふねを
つくりはても
しれざる△

しんせかいを見いだ
さずばわれ〳〵
一どう心を
あはせなん
ぢをうみに
しづめるか
たゞしは五たい
をつ
ぼう
に
て
うち
くだきのち
の世の
いまし
めとなすべしと
かしましくのゝしり
さわげばころんは

つゞく

Part Three leaves 5–6 (Waseda copy)

smiled broadly and turned to face them all. "Why do you not think of the favour of our country's [late?] king? If I am thrown to the bottom of the sea for the sake of loyalty, I shall not hold it against you in the least. But I know by my study of the heavens ^? that there is a world in the west, and that is why I have put you all to this trouble. So many days have passed that I don't think it at all unreasonable for you to rail at me. But I shall show you the New World before three days are out." Then he gave his orders to an officer named Escobedo: "Climb to the top of the mast and look out to the west. If by any chance you spot even a lonely island, shout and tell me."

Escobedo respectfully obeyed. He went straight up the mast and looked out over the sea in every direction, and there, where the clouds of heaven were drifting, he saw something that looked like cloud or haze. He put a telescope to his eye, and when he saw that it was indeed an island, he cried out in a great voice: "The New World is in sight, there to the south-west!"

When the men heard this, they all climbed up the mast together and looked that way, and there was the island, just as he said. Their joy knew no bounds. Presently they came down from the mast, bowed before Columbus and begged pardon for their rude words, and Columbus laughed and forgave them. Then they brought the ship to the island and went ashore, and he named the island San Salvador. It is an island lying south of [Florida?] in North America.

After this Columbus sailed on southward from this place and found the island of Haiti. From there he first went home to his own country, appeared before the king and reported that he had found the New World. Later he went back and forth to Haiti many times. Then in the third year of Eishō, the Year of the Tiger ^?, in the reign of Emperor Go-Kashiwabara, he reached the mainland for the first time

Translator's note. This spread is missing from the NDL copy and is supplied from the Waseda copy. San Salvador, in the Bahamas, is in fact south-east of Florida. The place-name read amerika [fune?] de [ta?] koku may be a misprint or misreading for Furorida-koku, "the country of Florida". Eishō 3 is 1506, the year Columbus died. He had reached the mainland of South America in 1498. The officer is printed Esukoetoru, read here as Rodrigo de Escobedo, the fleet's secretary. The sailor who actually first sighted land was Rodrigo de Triana, as u/CauliflowerFew7729 points out.

Japanese transcription

つゞき くわんじとうちわらひみな〳〵にうちむかひ
〽なんぢらなんぞくにの先王のめぐみをおもはざる
ちうぎのためにみなそこに身をとうずともそれ
がしはいさゝかこれをうらみとせずしかれども
われさきにてんがくをもてにしのかたにせかい
あるをしるゆへにおの〳〵をわづらはせりその日を
ふることおほきをもておの〳〵吾をのゝしらるゝはさらに
むりとはおもはねど吾いま三日をまたずしてしんせ
かいを見すべきなりトゑすこへとるといへるげくわんに
申つくるおもむきは〽そのはうほばしらのうへにのぼり
てにしのかたをのぞみ見てまんがいちはなれじまにても
見つけなば大ごゑをはつしてわれにつげよとしか〳〵と
めいじければゑすこへとるはかしこみてたゞちにほばしら
のうへにのぼりてよものうなばらを見わたすにあまつ
くものむかふところにくもかかすみと見ゆるものあり
やがてとほめがねをあてゝ見るにはたしてしまなりと
みとめたれば大ごゑはつしてさけぶやう〽これより
ひつじさるのかたにあたりてしんせかい見へ候ト
いふにおの〳〵これをきゝひとしくほばしら
のうへにのぼりてかの
かたをのぞみ見るに
はたしてしまの見へ
ければよろ▲

▲こぶこと大かたならずやがてほばし
らよりくだりきてころんがまへに
はいしやしてさきのくわごんを
わびければころんわらひてこれを
ゆるしやがてかのしまにふねを
よせおかにのぼりこのしまの
名をさんとさるはとるとぞな
づけたりこれすなはちきた
あめりかふねで
たこくのみなみに
あるしまにぞ
ありけるさても
ころんは又
このち
より

一の巻へ

一の巻より

より
みなみのかたにふね
をやりてハイチじまを
ゑてそれより一トまづくにゝかへりこくわうに
まみへてしんせかいを見いだしたることをごんじやうなし
そのゝちしば〳〵ハイチしまにわうらいしけるが後《ご》⊠

⊠柏原
きはてんわうの
永正寅三年に
あたりてはじめて
そのほんちに

つぎへ

Part Three leaves 6–7

Captions: "Columbus"

and was able to land there. This is the country now called Colombia. After that, in the fifth year of Eishō, a vassal of the King of Portugal named Americus came to envy Columbus's great feat in finding the New World. "Heaven and earth are wide," he said, "and there must be still more new worlds beyond this one. I too will win a new country and hand my fame down to later ages." He launched a great ship on the rough seas and came at last to the south of the land Columbus had found, to the country now called New Granada, and opened that land. That is why the New World, north and south, is called America: the name comes from the name of Americus.

Some three hundred years after that, a man named Washington set up one part of North America as an independent country. If we inquire closely into his deeds, his father and mother were English, and his father was called Meriken. He was a distant descendant of Americus. In his grandfather's day the family had left Portugal for some reason and moved to England, and so things stood in Meriken's time.

From childhood Meriken was outstanding in talent and wit. He was versed in all the martial arts and gave his heart to the study of heaven and earth and the principles of things. When he was about

Translator's note. Eishō 5 is 1508. Amerigo Vespucci's voyages in fact took place between about 1497 and 1504. "Meriken", the name Robun gives Washington's father, is simply the Japanese word for "American". Washington's real father was Augustine Washington of Virginia.

Japanese transcription

つゞき
じやうりく
することを
えたり
これいま▲

▲のこ
ろんびや
のち△

△なり
とぞその
のち永正
五年ほるとがる

△かくは
となふる
ものなり
けるそれ
より三百よ
ねんをへて
きたあめりか
の一地を
たてゝ独立《どくりつ》
のくにとなせし
一わしんとんと
いへる人のいさほし
をくわしくたづぬる
にその父母はいぎ
りすびとにてちゝの
なをめりけんと⊠

⊠よびあめり
きゆすのばつそん
にてぢいのとき

閣龍

こくわうのしん
かあめりきゆす
といへるものころん
がしんせかいを見
いだしたるたい
こうをしたひてん
ちのひろきなほ
このうへにもしんせかい
あるべきなりわれ又
あらたにくにをえて
そのいさほしをのち
の世につたへんもの
と大ふねをあら
うみにのりいだし
つひにころんがえたる
ちのみなみのかたいま
のがらなだのちに
いたりてちをひらく
ことすかしよなりゆへに
なんぼくのしんせかいを
はあめりかしうとよぶ
ことはあめりきゆすの
なにもと
づき
△

ゆゑありて
ほるとがるの
く
に
を
去
いぎ
りす
こくにうつり
すみめり
けん
のときに
いたる⊠

⊠めりけん
おさなきよりさい
ちすぐれもろ〳〵のぶげいに
つうじてんちかくぶつきうりの
がくにこゝろをゆだねとし

つゞく

Part Three leaves 7–8

Captions: "Meriken" / "Harina" / "Furore"

eighteen he was summoned to serve the Queen of England, and waited close at her side. By his twentieth year Meriken was the handsomest man in all England, and of the many ladies-in-waiting who served in the palace, there was not one who did not set her heart on him.

Now among the Queen's ladies-in-waiting was one called Harina. In years she was like a flower bud just about to open, and her face and figure were exquisite. Her eyebrows were like distant mountains and her waist was willow-slender; with one smile she could have toppled a kingdom. Her eyes were bewitching, her manner gentle, and she was a beauty rarely seen in this world. For a long time she had been in love with Meriken for his fine looks and talents, and morning and evening she thought only of how she might speak to him if she had a chance. But the barrier of watching eyes is the same in every land. On the road of love her heart was broken in a thousand pieces, and still she found no moment to approach him.

Then one summer the King ^? decided to air the night-shining jewel he had long loved dearly, to drive off the damp. It was a rare and famous gem, so on the day of the airing Meriken was given the duty of guarding it.

Translator's note. Robun speaks of both a Queen (女王) and a King (国王) of England in this story. Both are translated as printed.

Japanese transcription

米理幹

巴利那

つゞき十八といへるころいぎりす女王にめしいだ
されおんそばちかくつかへけるがめりけんこのとし
はたちにしていぎりすいちのびなんなればきう
ちうにみやづかへするあまたのこしもとこのめり
けんにこゝろをかけぬは
なかりしがこゝに女王の
こしもとにはりな
といへるは
そのとしも
さきでる
はなの
つぼみに
ひとしく
すがた
かたちのたへなること
とほやまの
まゆやな
ぎの
ほそ
ごし
ひと
たび
ゑめ
ば
国

布魯礼

を
かた
むく
ふ
えう
の
まな
じりたを
やうにて世にもまれなる
びぢよなりしが日
ごろめりけんが
さいちすぐれ
きりやうあるに
れんぼなしその
ひまあらば
いひよらんと
あけくれ
こゝろをかく
れどもひと
めのせきは
ことくに
もかはら
ねこひ
のみち
まぞや◀

◀ちゞにこゝろを
くだけどもいひよるひま
もなかりしがあるとしの
なつ国王■のかねて
ふかくあいしたまふ夜
光のたまにかぜ
いれてそのしつけをはら
はせらるゝにいとも
まれなるめい
ぎよく
なればかぜ
いれの日は
かのめりけん
にたまのしゆ
ごのやくを

つぎへ

Part Three leaves 8–9

Captions: "The Queen" / "Furore" / "Meriken" / "Harina"

So he set the jewel in a room apart and stayed beside it. "Today is my chance!" thought Harina. On a sheet of paper she wrote out all that was in her heart, quickly and freely, in the sideways letters of the West, and took it with her. She came before Meriken, calmed her fluttering heart, held out the letter, and so made known the longing of all those days.

Meriken had not expected it, but he was not made of stone or wood. He took up the letter, broke the seal and read it through. "I don't look on your earnest feelings as if they were nothing to me," he said. "But today, of all days, the Queen has given me the weighty charge of guarding this treasure. And besides, there may be another time for this. If anyone sees us, it will be the worse for both of us. Please, go quickly, leave this place."

Harina gazed into Meriken's face, disappointed. "That's a cruel thing to say! When I speak to you like this, you must think the gossip is true, and English women know nothing of modesty and behave most wantonly. But I don't long for you so blindly just because I'm charmed by your looks. You see, my father's family descends from Columbus, the Spaniard who opened the New World long ago. In my father's time we left Spain and came to this land. My father always used to tell me: 'Marry a man of talent, leave this land and cross over to America, which our ancestor Columbus opened. Then

Japanese transcription

女王

つゞきめいぜられしかばひとま
どころにたまをすえ
そのかたはらに
つきそひゐたる
にはりなは
けふぞ
をり
よし
とこゝろ
のたけをさら〳〵とかみ
のおもてのよこ
もじ
に▲

▲かきつゞり
てぞたづさへゆき
めりけんがまへ
にいたりてとき
めくこゝろを
おししづめかの
たまづさをさし

△うへ
とく〳〵
こゝをさり
給へといふ
にはりなはほいな
げにめりけんのかほうち

⊗おぼしたまはんが
わらはゝきみがかほ
きみにめでてひた
すらしたふに
あらずもとより
わらはのちゝ
おやはむかし
しんせかいを
ひらきたる
いすはにやの
くにびとなる
ころんのすゑ
にしてわが
ちゝのとき
いすはにや
をさりて
このちに⊠

布呂礼

米理幹

巴利那

めだし日ごろの
おもひをかき
くとけばめりけんは
おもひがけねど
いは木にあらねば
ふみとりあげ
ふうおしひらき
よみおはり「おん身
のせつなるこゝろ
ざしよそ
に見る
とに
あらねども
けふはとり
わけ女王
より
おほせは
おもき
たからの
しゆごまた
そのうちに
をりもや
あらんひと
めにかゝらば
ふたりの身の▲へ

まもり「そはいとつれ
なきおほ
せかな
かくまう
さばいぎりの
おみなはみさ
ほのわき
まへなく
いとみだ
りなる
おこ
なひ
なると世の
くちのはに
たがはずと
さだめし⊗

⊠きた
りしが
つね〳〵
ちゝの
おほする
やうなん
ぢき
りやう
あるもの
につれ
そひこの
ちをさり
てわが
せんぞ
ころん
しの
ひらき
たる
あめり
かしう
にわた
れよ
かし
さすれば

つぎへ

Part Three leaves 9–10

Captions: "Harina" / "Meriken"

your descendants will flourish, and you will leave behind the seed of humanity and righteousness.' Those were his last words, and I have never forgotten them. If I want to put my trust in a man of talent and cross to the New World, it isn't for my own sake alone. I'm thinking of how our descendants will prosper. And I've heard that you are descended from Americus, who also opened that same world. And then, young as you are, your gifts are far from ordinary. If I go to the New World with a man like you as my husband, our children's children are sure to prosper. That is why I've pined for you so desperately, and why it has come to this. Please, take pity on my true heart: make me your wife, and take me away with you to the world of America!"

At her earnest plea, Meriken was moved by Harina's feelings. "Then let us be bound together for a thousand ages and ten thousand ages, until we are both white-haired," he said. "And afterwards, when the chance comes, let us cross to America." So they solemnly sealed their vows.

But at that very moment a crafty official named Furore, one of Meriken's colleagues, was peeping from the shadows as the two of them whispered together. Meriken had long been in his way one way or another. "Now's my chance to get him convicted of a crime!" he thought, and rejoiced in his heart.

Japanese transcription

巴利那

つゞき しそんはんも
してじんぎのたねを
のこす
べしと
ゆひげん
ありしをこゝろに
わすれずさいち
すぐれしひとを
たのみかのしんせ
かいにわたらんと
おもふはわが身
のためのみなら
ずしそんの
さかえをおもへ
ばなりしかるに
きみはおなじ
せかいをひらき
たまひしあめり▲

▲きゆすの
すゑにまします
よしをきゝまた
ひとつには日ごろ

米理幹

よりとしわか〔い〕
してそのさいち△

△ぼんならず
おはしませばかゝる
ひととつれそひて
かのしんせかいへおも
むきなばしそんの
さかへうたがひなしと
おもふものからひた
すらこひわびことの
こゝにおよべるなり
なにとぞわらはが
まごゝろをあはれ
み給ひてめうと
のかたらひなし給は
りてもろともにあめりか
せかいへつれのき給へと
せつなるこひにめりけんも
はりながおもひをかんせう
してさあらばいくちよ⊗

⊗よろづよも
もろしらが⊠

⊠まで
えにし
をむす
ばん
しかして
のちに
あめり
かしうへ
びんぎをもつて
わたらんと
ふかくもちかひを
さだめけりこの
をりめりけんが
どうやくなるふろれ
といへるねいかん
ものふたりが
ひそ〳〵かたらふを
ものかげよりかい
ま見て日ごろ
なにかにじやま
となるめりけんを
つみにおとすは
このときなりと
こゝろによろこび つぎへ

Part Three leaves 10–11

Captions: "By Robun" / "Pictures by Yoshitora" / "○ The ship carrying Meriken and Harina into exile sets out from the Thames."

He waited for a moment while Meriken was talking with Harina, smashed the famous jewel that had been set out to air into tiny pieces, and crept away on tiptoe.

Meriken was talking with Harina, but he could not stop worrying about the treasure in his charge. So he parted from her and came back to the room, and when he saw the gem lying shattered he was aghast. "What! How was it broken? In the little while I was away, a terrible thing has happened. With what face can I report this to the King? I let myself be led astray by Harina's love and damaged the nation's treasure, a crime that deserves ten thousand deaths. There's nothing for it ^? but to cut off my own head." He put his hand to the hilt of his sword and was on the point of taking his own life, when Harina rushed out of the next room and clung to his hand to hold him back.

Meanwhile the ever-zealous Furore, who had been spying on all this, reported it to the King ^?. The Queen summoned her ministers and came to the place, and she ordered Furore to throw Meriken and Harina into prison. Afterwards she gathered the ministers again to try the case: Meriken and Harina's misconduct, and the ruin of the great treasure. It was a grave crime, and no easy one to settle. But Meriken was a descendant of Americus, of an illustrious line, and Harina too was a distant descendant of Columbus. Out of regard for their ancestors' merit the sentence was lightened. After deliberation it was decided that the man and the woman should be sent into exile, banished to Carolina, a country in North America that had lately been opened up.

○ And so the sentence on Meriken and Harina was settled. When they heard that they were to be exiled to America, there was one joy in the midst of their sorrow. "Surely the spirits of Columbus and Americus are guiding us," they thought, and in their hearts they bowed to those spirits. Surrounded by a crowd of guards, they were put aboard a ship on the Thames together with some three hundred convicts like themselves, and with the guarding officials they sped away westward, far, far over the rough seas. After many days they drew near a small island called Bermuda, in the southern parts of America, and were about to bring the ship in, when all of a sudden wild waves rose up, black clouds came swooping down from the sky, a fierce gale blew up, and even that

Translator's note. "Bermuda" is printed Harumata (はるまた) here and in the demon's speech below; u/CauliflowerFew7729 keeps the printed form. In the kana of the time ha also stands for ba, and Barumata is taken to be a garbled Bermuda.

Japanese transcription

魯文作

芳虎画

つゞき

めりけんが

はりなとかたらふ

ひまをうかゞひかぜ

いれのかのめいぎよく

をみぢんにくだき

ぬきあしさしあしたち

さりけるめりけんは

はりなとかたらひしゆ

ごのたからをあんずる

ものからはりなと

わかれていぜんのひと

まにもどりきたりて

めいぎよくのくだけちりし

を見るよりおどろき

コハいかにしてそんぜしや

しばしをらざるそのひまに

いちだいじこそしゆつ

たいなせり国王へなにめんぼくに▲

▲かくとごん

じやうせらる

べきはりなが

なさけに

ひかされてくにの

たからをそこなふ

つみ萬死ばんに

あたる身の

ふちんみづから

くびはねしする

にしかじと

たいせしけんの

つかに手をかけ

すでにじがいと

見へたるをりから

ひとまのうちより

はりなははせいでその

手にすがりとゞ

むるひまにねつ

しんふろれ

これらの

やうすを

うかゞひ見て

国王注進に

三の巻へ

二の巻より

かくと

ごんじやうなせしかば

女王はしよしんをした

がへてこのところにいで

きたりめりけんはりなの

ふたりのものをふろれに

めいじてごくやにくだし

そのちしよしんを

うちつどへめりけんはりな

がふぎのつみかつたい

せつのたからをそんぜし

つみのしだいをきうめい

なすによういならざる

だいざいなりしかれども

めりけんはあめりきゆすの

すゑにしてめいかのしそん

かつはまたはりなはころんが▲

▲ばつえうなれば

せんぞのこうにめんじ

られしざいをゆるめて

配流《はいる》せんとしゆ

ぎいつけつしてふたり

の男女をちかごろひらき

そめたるくにのきたあめりか

かろりなこくへ

ながさんと

こそきは

まりけれ

○さるほどに

めりけん

はりなはつみ

きはまり

ければ△

○めりけんはりなを

るざいのふね

ていむす川を

しゆつはんなす

△あめりかへ

るざいときゝてか

なしみのなか

に一ツのよろ

こびにそれころん

とあめりきゆす

のしんれいみちび

き給へるならん

とこゝろのうちに

みたまをはいしあま

たのけいごにかこまれ

つわれにひとしきつみ

びとら三百よにんと

もろともにていむす川

よりふねにうつされ

けいごのやくにんもろとも

にすへはるかなるあらうみ

をにしへ〳〵とはしるほどに

あまたひをへてあめりかのみな

みのちなるはるまたといへる

こじまのほとりにちかづきふね

をよせんとするほどにはかに

あらなみさかだちてそらより

くろくもまひさがりあかしまかぜ

のふきおこりてさしもの

つゞく

Part Three picture: the storm

Captions: "Sailor" / "Meriken" / "Harina" / "Boatman"

[Full-spread picture. A two-headed horned demon rises from clouds over the ship. Harina and a boatman are thrown to the deck (right); Meriken stands firm among the chains while a sailor lies senseless (left).]

Translator's note. This page is not in the transcriptions; its four labels were read from the scan.

Japanese transcription

船子

巴利那

水主

米理幹

Part Three leaves 12–13 ^?

Captions: "Harina" / "Meriken"

great ship spun round and round like a pinwheel and seemed about to capsize at any moment. The ship was tossed about, great waves broke over her, and with nothing they could do, everyone was in a panic. Just then another gust of wind brought black clouds swooping down on the ship, and out of them a demon of strange shape suddenly appeared. It seized the mast and shook it back and forth, and at once the whole ship boiled like a kettle. Everyone on board fainted away at the first sight of this demon and lay senseless.

But Meriken and his wife, unlike the others, were not afraid. Meriken calmly took hold of the anchor ^?, stood up, glared hard at the demon and demanded, "Who are you?"

The demon had three heads and six eyes. It opened its three great mouths, looked at Meriken and laughed and laughed. "I am a demon that dwells in the isles of Bermuda [— the 'immortal' men speak of, that is I?]. I will save you from your danger and row this ship for you. Tell me which way to go, east or west, and I'll take the ship that way."

Meriken had his doubts, but he let the demon have its way. "Then take us west," he asked. And the demon rowed the ship off to the east.

Now Meriken understood the demon's nature. "If you tell that fellow west, he goes east; if you tell him south, he heads north. This time I'll turn things upside down and try giving him his orders that way." And this time

Translator's note. A demon that always does the opposite of what it is told is a stock figure in Japanese folklore, the amanojaku. The demon's words are squeezed around a rope in the picture, and one short phrase, read tentatively as sennin-sama sunawachi kore nari, is uncertain.

Japanese transcription

巴利那

米理幹

つゞき 大ふねくる〳〵とかざぐるまのごとくめぐりて
いまにもくつがへるごとく▲
▲なる
にぞせんちうあらくして
大なみふねにおほひかゝりいかに
ともすべきやうなくいかゞは
せんとふためくをり
からまた一チぢんの
かぜともにくろ
くもふねに
まひさがりその
うちにゐぎやう
の魔神〔こつ〕ぜん
としてあらはれいで
ほばしらつかんでゆさ〳〵とゆすると
ひとしくせんちうはさらにかなへ
わくことくのりあふもの
どもこの◬

◬まじん
を一トめみる
よりきぜつしてせうし
へしれずなりにけりこのとき
めりけんふうふのものはしよにん
とかはりておどろかずめりけんは
たんぜんといかりをとりてたち
あがりまじんをはたとにらまへ
つめなにものなるぞとなじり
とふまじんは三頭《さんとう》六眼《ろくがん》

◭いふにめりけん
おぼつかなけれど
かのまじんのいふ
にまかしてさらば
にしへやりてよと
こふに
まじんは
このふねをひがし
のかたへこぎさる
にぞめりけんま
じんの心をさとり
かやつにしといへば
ひがしへやり
みなみと⊠
⊠いへ
ばきたへおも
むくわれこのたび
はてんどうしてこれに
めいじこゝろみんと
こたびは つぎへ

にて三ツの大くちうちひらき
めりけんをみてから〳〵と
うちゑみ
〽われは◀

◀ある
ま〔た〕のしまね
にすまふ妖魔なり
仙人〔様〕〔すなはちこれなり〕
われなんぢ
らがあや〔う〕を
たすけてこのふね
こぎてえさすべし
ひがしへゆくやにしへ
いづるやとくはうがく
をしめすべしわれ
われそのかたに
ふねをやらんト◭

Part Three leaves 13–14 ^?

Captions: "Meriken" / "Harina" / "Washington" / "Come here ^?!" / "Heave-ho! Here they come ^? — that's it, that's it!" / "Ariya, ariya! Hata, hata!"

he commanded, "Take us east!" The demon went against him and drove the ship west and ever west, as swift as a flying bird. In only half a toki or so it covered three thousand five hundred ri of sea road and brought the ship to an outlying island of America. Then suddenly the demon vanished, as if wiped away.

By then the dawn had broken over the four quarters. Meriken and his wife called out to the many people lying senseless, gave them restoratives and nursed them back to their senses, and told them about the demon. Everyone's hair stood on end; they were struck dumb and trembled with fear. Deeply in awe of Meriken's great courage, they revered him and bowed in thanks for the kindness that had saved their lives.

And so Meriken and his wife, together with the many exiles, came to North America and landed at a place called Virginia, an English possession. Following the directions of the officials from the home country they built houses, and each took up farming or a trade for a living and became a person of America. This was in our Kyōhō era, not so very long ago.

Meanwhile Meriken and his wife made their home at Fairfax ^? in Virginia, in America, and set about clearing new land for fields. He gave orders to many of the convicts and had them open gold mines in a land called Mexico and dig out quantities of gold. The profit was enormous, so in no time the household grew rich, and now he was the wealthiest man in the New World. But his wife Harina, after crossing to this land,

Translator's note. A ri is about 3.9 km; a toki, one of the twelve watches of the day, is about two hours. The Kyōhō era ran from 1716 to 1736; the real Washington was born in 1732. The place-name is printed Fuwairu-akisu ^?; Part Four calls the family's home Fairfax. The picture on this spread shows the boy Washington leading other boys in a mock battle with sticks while his parents watch (the drill scene in the next spread), and the cries in the speech balloons belong to that game.

Japanese transcription

米理幹

巴利那

話聖東

「こゝへ〔きて〕

つゞき ひがしへいだす
べしとめいずにまじん
これにそむきて
にしへ〳〵とふねを
やるにそのはやき
ことひちやうの
ごとく〔う〕みみち
三千五百より
をたゞはん
とき〔ほど〕の▲

▲あめりのえだじまに
ふねをよせこつせんとして
かのまじんはかきけすごとく
うせにけりそのうちに
よも◬

⊠かたるにみな〳〵みの毛けをよ
だゝせしたをまいておそれおのゝき
めりけんがだいたんなるをふかくおそ
れてそんきやうしぢよめいのおんを
はいしやせり。かくて
めりけんふう
ふをはじ
め◀
◀あま
たの流
人はきた
あめりかなる
ひぎり△

△す
りやうぶんひるぎ
にやといへるちに
じやうりくなしほん
こくのやくにんのさし
づにまかしていへゐを
しゆつらひ
おの〳〵かうさく
しよくぎやう
のみちをもつ
なりはひとし
あめりかせかい

「どつこい きたり〔はり〕 〔さう〕〳〵

「アリヤ〳〵 ハタ〳〵

◬あけたれ
ばめりけんふう
ふはきぜつ
せしあまた
のものを
よび⊗

⊗〔き〕つけくすり
をあたへてかいほうなし
かのまじんの事を⊠

の人とはなり
ぬこれまさ
にわが〔てう〕の◉

◉享保年間《きやうほうねんかん》
〔ほん〕にていまをさること
とほからずさるほどに
めりけんふうふはあ
めりかしうひるぎ
にや部内〔郡〕〔ふわいる〕
あきすのちにすま
ゐてもつ△

△ぱらしんでんかいほつの
ことをぎやうとしあまたのるにんにさしづ
をくわへめきしこといへるちのかな山を
ひらかせあまたの
かねをほりいださ
するにそのりえき
ばくたいなればわづかのうち
にいへとみていまはしんせかい
だいゝちのがうかとはなり
にけるしかるにつまのはりな
女はこのちにわたりて つぎへ

Part Three leaves 14–15

waited three years, and then for the first time she conceived. After ten months she easily gave birth to a boy, as fair as a jewel, and the couple's joy knew no bounds. Soon they named him George Washington. They loved and cherished him as a jewel held in the palm of the hand, a flower worn in the hair, and so they raised him. ○ Washington, they say, was the family name.

The days and months flew by like an arrow, and George Washington was soon seven years old. From his birth he was wise and clever beyond the ordinary: hear one thing, and he understood ten thousand. Following his father's wishes ^? he entered the school at a place called Williamsburg, where he studied astronomy and geography. On the days he came home to his village

Translator's note. The name is printed "Washington George", family name first in the Japanese manner, which is why Robun adds that Washington is the family name. Williamsburg is printed (Uiru)riamubiyurugu ^?.

Japanese transcription

つゞき 三と
せをへはじめて
はらに子をもう
け十月をへて

⊗一を
きゝては
ばんをさと
りちゝの〔はかへ〕
したがひて〔もろい〕
〔りあ〕むびゆるぐ
といへるちのがく
もんじよにいつ
いりててん
もんちりの
がくを
まなび
〔わが〕さ
とに つゞく

やす〳〵とたまの
ごときなんしをうみ
ふうふのよろ
こび大かた
なら
ず
やが
て▲

▲その
なを
わしん
とん。げをるげと
なづけつゝたなそこ
の玉〔と〕さしのはなと
めでいつくしみそだてける
○わしんとんはそのめうじ
なりとぞかくてくわういん
矢のごとくわしんとんげをる
げははやくも七才におよびけるにうまれ
ながらにしてそうめいゑいちぼんにてならす⊗

Part Three leaves 15–16

Captions: "Washington"

he would work out the arts of war. He gathered the village boys, dressed himself up as a general, ranged the boys east and west, and took up a commander's fan to direct the advance and retreat. Every one of his tactics was exactly right, and the grown-ups who watched could hardly believe their eyes and ears.

In the spring of Washington's eighteenth year, there was a mountain east of Virginia called Kakumaku. In a cave halfway up it lived a monster of strange shape. Now and then it went roaming in search of food. Sometimes it would clamber up into the trees, or it would appear in the villages, wailing in the rain and howling in the wind, and at night it came into the streets, knocked on the doors of house after house and woke the people from their sleep.

This is what it looked like. It was more than two jō tall, and it had two heads, one on top of the other. The upper head had two eyes, the lower head three. It had two hands and two feet, each with four fingers or toes, and its claws were as sharp as awls. In the upper head was a great mouth that breathed out blue smoke, and anyone the smoke touched was sure to die within days; several hundred of the farmers of Virginia had already taken the poison and died. Its whole body was covered in green scales ^? harder than gold or iron.

The hunters joined forces and lay in wait for the monster to come out. They aimed their guns, closed in and fired all together, but though the bullets struck its body they did not pierce it. Then the monster breathed blue smoke from its upper mouth, and the hunters it touched lost their lives on the spot.

Washington heard of this ^?. Without a word to his father of what he meant to do, one day he slung a gun over his shoulder, took leave of his parents, saying he was going hunting, and went to the foot of Mount Kakumaku. There he waited for the monster to come out. The sun sank in the west and it grew dark around him, and still he saw no sign of the monster. "Then it must come out at night," he thought, and he hid among the dense trees halfway up a small hill nearby, waiting impatiently.

Night soon fell, pitch dark. The mountain wind blew through the trees, the cries of monkeys echoed, and all around was deep and still. Then a rank-smelling wind blew down from the top of the mountain, and in the same instant four or five things began to glitter halfway up the slope, so bright they dazzled the eyes. Washington fixed his gaze and stared hard that way, and he saw blue smoke drifting down. "That must be the monster's poison breath," he thought. "If I go near it,

Translator's note. A jō is about 3 m.

Japanese transcription

つゞきかへる日はたゝかひの
はうをかうじさとのうちの
わらべをあつめその身大せう
のもやうにいでたちとう
ざいにわらべをつらなしみづ
からぐんばいをとりてかけ
ひきなすにそのはういち〳〵
づにかなひおとなの耳目も
をおどろかせりわしんどん
そのとし十八のはるなりしが
ひるぎにやのひがしにあたりて
かくまくさんといへるあり
そのはんふくのがんくつに
ゐぎやうのへんげすまゐ
なしをり〳〵しよくをはせ
めぐりあるときは木のうへに
よぢのぼりまたは
むらざとにたちあら
はれあめになき
かぜに
さけ
び▲

▲よにあきれてちまたにきたり
いへ〳〵の門戸《もん》をたゝき人の
ねむりをさますにいたるその
ありさま身のたけおよそ二丈
余《よ》ふたつのかしらかさなり
あひうへのかしらにふたつの
まなこをひらき下のかしらに
三ツのまなこをひらく二ツの
手二ツのあしともに四ツのゆび
ありてそのつめするどきこと
きりのごとしかつうへのかしらに
おほいなるくちありてあをき
けむりをはきいだす人〳〵このけむり
のきにふるゝときは日をへずしてかならず
死《し》すひるぎにやのひやくせうらその
とくきをうけ死するものすひやくにんに
およべりそうしんにみどりのいろの△

△うろこをおひく
かたきこときん
てつもおよばず
かりうどら
心をあはせかの
へんげのいづるを
うかゞひてつぽう
をむけこれに⊗

⊗せまりつゝさきそろへてうちかく
るそのたま身にあたれどもつら
ぬかずへんげはこのをりうへのくち
より
あを
き
けむ
りを
はき
だ
す
に
かりうど
らはけむりに
ふれたち
まち
いのち
を
はた
せり
わ
し
ん
とんこのことを
ふくう見
て［四の巻へ］

話聖東

［三の巻より］ちゝにも
つけずある日一ツてうの
てつほうをかたにうち
かけけものがりにゆく
よしにてちゝはゝにいとま
をこひかくまくざんの▲

▲ふもとに
いたりへんげの
いづるをまつほどに
その日もにしにかたむきて⊠

⊠手もと
ほのくらくなる
にいたれどいまだ
へんげのかた
ち
を△

△見ずさては
よにいりていづるならん
とかたへの小たかき山の
なかば木ぐのしげりし
あひだにかくれていまや
おそしとまつほどに夜は
はやくれてあやめもわかずきゞ
ふきさそふ山おろしこだまに
ひゞくましらのさけびいとしん
〳〵たるをりもあれなま
ぐさきかぜ山のうへよりふき
おこるとひとしく山のなかばに
きら〳〵ときらめくもの四ツ五ツ
そのひかりまなこをゐてあたり
もまばゆく見へすにぞ
わしんとんはひとみをさだめ
かなたをきつと見てあれば
あをきけむりのをりくたる
にぞこれなんへんげのどくきな
らんちかよりてはかの［つぎへ］

Part Three leaves 16–17

Captions: "Washington"

I'll touch the poison and lose my life. I'll aim at the light and shoot from here." He pointed his gun that way, opened the pan and fired. Far away across the slope came a thud and a booming echo: a hit. At once he fired a second shot, and that one too seemed to strike home. The mountain rumbled, the earth shook, a great tree snapped off at the root, and the crash was as terrible as a hundred thousand thunderbolts falling.

Washington watched it all. "The monster is surely dead," he thought, "but if I go over there now, I may be touched by the blue smoke and the poison and come to harm. One way or another, I'll go there after daybreak and see the creature's true form for myself." He came down the little hill and set off toward where the village must lie.

Across the way he saw the light of a fire flickering. "That must be somebody's house," he thought. "I'll go there and pass the night, and when it's light I'll climb the mountain and make sure what became of the monster." He hurried on […] and soon came close to the place.

Translator's note. The end of the last passage is faded in the scan, and a few words are lost.

Japanese transcription

話聖東

［つゞき］どくにふれていのち
をうしなひなん
ひか▲

△どく
きにふれ
身をそこ
なふにいたる
べしとも
かくも
夜に
あけて
のちに
かしこに
いたり
て⊠

▲りをめあてに
ねらひうたんと
てつほうかしこへ
さしむけて火ぶた
をきつてはなつにぞ
はるかむかひにてごたへしてどう
とひゞくをまたいつぱつつゞいて
はなつにこれもまたおなじく手
ごたへなせしとおぼゆるに⊠

⊠山
なり大地ため
しんどうして大ぼく
はねよりをれそのものおとの
すさまじさはひやくせんらいの
おつるにひとしわしんとんは
しゞうをうかゞひへんげは
まつたくうちとめたれど
たゞちにかしこへ
いたりなば
青烟気
の△

⊠せうたい
をあらた
め見んと
小山をくだ
り人ざと
のあるかた
をこゝろ
ざして
ゆく

△むかひ
のかたにちら〳〵と火の
ひかりきらめきければこれなん
ひとのいへなるべしかしこにいたりていちや
をあかしてよあけなば山にのぼりへんげ
のせうしを見きはめんとくつのまゝ■
はやめいくかしこまぢかくちかづき［つぎへ］

Part Three leaves 17–18

Captions: "Real name unknown" / "Washington"

But when he looked closely, it was no house: it was a shrine to the mountain god. In front of it a gang of fierce-jawed fellows were breaking off branches and feeding a bonfire. A pretty girl, not yet past sixteen, was tied to a great tree on the right, and the men who looked like the leaders had each drawn a gleaming sword and were flashing it before her eyes, trying to force her to their will.

Washington watched them. "Those fellows must be mountain bandits or robbers," he thought. "They've carried off a helpless girl from somewhere, and it's plain they mean to have their way with her and then sell her to a brothel. What wicked villains! I'll stop their breath first, and then I'll rescue the girl."

He made himself ready, stepped out from the shadow of the trees and burst in on them without warning. He kicked one bandit and knocked him flat with a thud. The other he seized by the scruff of the neck ^? and threw aside like a juggler's ball ^?. With one stroke he cut the girl's bonds, and then he stood his ground, as firm as a temple guardian.

At last the two bandits picked themselves up, holding their hips. They raised their heads and glared at Washington with bulging eyes, and shouted in fury: "Who do you think you are, spoiling our fun? You've given us a hard time, trusting in your little bit of strength, but you're a summer moth flying into the fire! We'll cook you ourselves: slice off your flesh, scrape your bones, make you into a stew and season it nicely. Get ready!" Yelling, they flashed the swords at their belts and came at him together from right and left. Quick as thought, Washington crouched low and seized one of them by the collar,

Translator's note. "Real name unknown" labels the masked man in the picture, who appears in the next spread.

Japanese transcription

［つゞき］つゝと見れば人家《ひとや》にあらずしてこれ
山神焼のほこらのまへにつらがまちのする
どきおのこら木々のえだはををりくべつゝたき
びをなしてとしいまだ二八はすぎぬみめよきおと
めを大木のみぎにいましめかしらとおぼしき
わるものがめい〳〵くわう〳〵たるつるぎを
ぬきもちおとめのまなさきへひら
めかしておのがこゝろにしたがはせん
といどむやうすを
うかゞひ見てかやつ
らば山ぞくよとう
のたぐひならん
かいづれのち
よりかかよはき
女子をかどわかしこれをおかせしそのゝちに
あそびなんどにうりわたさんこゝろがまへと
しられたりにくきぞくのふるまひ
かなイデいきのねをとゞめ
てのちおとめをすくひ
えさせんとおもふ
ものから身がまへ
なし木かげを
たちいで
その
ところへふい
にたちいで▲

▲ひとりのぞくをくつを
あげてはつしとけたふし
いま一人を△

△くびすぢ
つかみ
てだまのごとく
なげのけて
おとめが
ふつと
きり仁王
だちにぞ
たつたり
ける
ふたりの
ぞくは
やうやくに
こしをかゝへ
ておきあがり
かうべを
あげてわしん
とんを見つゝ
まなこをむきいだし
いかれるこゑを
ふりたてゝなに
ものなれば
われ〳〵が
たのしみを
きはめんと
なせるを

本名未詳

話聖東

さまたげいさゝかの
ちからをたのみに
からきめ見せし
やとんで火にいる
なつのむしいで
われ〳〵が手
りやうりににく
をそぎほねを
けづりてあつものに
してあんばいせん
かくごをせよとよば
はりながらおびたる
つるぎをひらめかし
みぎひだり
よりいつ
せい
に⊠

⊠うつて
かゝれば
わしんとんその
身をはやく
しづまして
ひとりがえり
がみむづと
つかみ［つぎへ］

Part Three leaves 18–19

Captions: "Washington"

raised his sword in his right hand and split the other man's body clean through. With the returning blade he ran the remaining bandit through the chest, kicked the corpse aside, quietly wiped the blood from his sword and put it back in its sheath. Then he went over to the trembling girl, meaning to ask her what had happened.

At that very moment the door of the shrine beside them was kicked open, and out came a lone ruffian. He wore a strange hat pulled down deep over his head, and his face was wrapped in a cloth. He seized the scabbard of Washington's sword and pulled him back. Washington, taking him for one of the bandits who had been hiding there, twisted round and shook him off. He drew his sword again and struck at the man like a flash of lightning. The other was quick to dodge and slipped this way and that, but Washington's blade was so swift that he could hardly escape it. "Hey, young man, wait a moment! I have something to tell you—" he cried. But Washington paid no heed and kept on attacking with his practised hand.

Then the stranger leapt back two or three ken, and from in front of the shrine he picked up, as lightly as anything, a stone boundary-post as long as a spear and very thick. With it he caught Washington's descending sword with a clang. At that moment the hat he wore fell off, and for the first time his face was seen. His bearing was dignified and commanding; he was nearly thirty, fair-skinned, with round eyes, a sturdy frame and great height. Here, surely, was a man known as a hero somewhere, and now that dawn had come his looks could be clearly seen. But Washington took him for one of the band of robbers. He did not relax his guard in the least and kept his sword moving, meaning to strike the man down at the first opening.

All this while the girl had been lying on the ground nearby. Now she raised her head a little and looked at the man's face,

Translator's note. A ken is about 1.8 m.

Japanese transcription

［つゞき］めでにつるぎをふりあげていま
いちにんをからだけわりかへすしら
はにのこりのぞくのむなもとぐつとさし
つらぬきしがいをそこへけかへして
つるぎのちしほをしづかにぬぐひ
さやにおさめてふるへゐるおとめが
そばにたちよりて
しさいをとはんと
なす▲

▲をりし
もかたへのほこらの
戸をけはなしあら
はれいでたるひとり
のくせものかしら
にいぎやうのかさ
ふかくかつぎて
おもてをぬのもて
つゝみわしんとん
が▲

△ことありといへどもかなたは
みゝにもかけずなほうちかゝる
しゆれんのての⊠

⊠うち
こなたは
このとき二三げん
とぶよと見へしが
かたへのほこらのまへにたちたる
いとふとくながやりなるいしの
ばうじを
かろ〴〵と
ひき⊠

⊠さげつゝわしんとん
がうちくだすつる
ぎをがつきと
うけとむるに
このときかつ
ぎしかさ
とれてはじ
めてあら
はすその
さうばう
ゐふうりん
〳〵ゐき
とう〳〵
としのよは
ゐはみそ
ぢにちかく
いろしろく
まなこつぶ
らにしゝむら
こへて身の
たけたかく
これぞいつこの
ゑいゆうとしら
れしかれが
ありさまの
よあけ

話聖東

▲つるぎ
のさやを
つかみてあとへ
ひきもどせば
わしんとん
はまだ
ぞくのしのび
をりしが
いできた
りしとて
身をひね
りてふり⊗

⊗返
ふたゝび
つるぎをぬきはなしかのものめがけていな
つまのきらめくごとくうつてかゝればこなたは
はやく身をさけてぬけつくゞりつなすといへども
わしんとんが手のうちのいとするどくてこれを
さけかね「ヤヨわかものしばらくまちねいふ△

にけれ
ばよく
見へ
わた
れど
わしん
とんは
ぞくと
のむれ
とおも
へばちつ
ともゆだん
せずその
すきあらば
うちとらん
となほも◇

◇つるぎ
の手をゆるめず
このときまで
もかた
はらに
うちふしゐたる
さいぜんの
おとめは◎

◎すこしく
かしらをもたげかのます
らをのおもてを［つぎへ］

Part Three leaves 19–20

Captions: "Washington" / "Caroline" / "Franklin"

and the moment she saw it she shuffled towards him on her knees. "Is that you, my dear brother? Master Franklin?" she cried. At her voice the man looked at the girl's face and seemed thunderstruck. "Aren't you my sister Caroline? Whatever brings you here? This is very strange. And I have something to say to this young man who is trying to cut me down. Hold your hand a moment, will you? We can settle our match later at our leisure. Put up your sword, quickly!"

Washington saw that the man was the girl's brother and realised he was no bandit. He lowered his sword, stepped back and waited to see what would happen. The man too threw the boundary-post aside, brushed off the dust, sat himself down squarely in front of Washington and said quietly:

"Young man, from what village do you come? I have admired your skill with the sword from the first. As for me, I am Franklin, son of Franboresu, a farmer who lives in ^?, in Virginia. This girl here is my sister; her name is Caroline. I had made a vow, and every night I have been keeping vigil at this shrine. Tonight my vow was to be fulfilled, and I was so tired I dozed off without meaning to. Then I heard a great commotion outside the door, and when I peeped out from inside the shrine, dark as it was, I saw you seemingly killing people. I didn't know what had happened, but I thought you must be one of the mountain bandits after all, and I came out to bar your way and catch you. That is how all this came about. But your sword-hand was as swift as a flash of lightning, like a thunderbolt falling, and I thought, 'This is no mountain brigand's

Translator's note. Benjamin Franklin was in fact born in Boston in 1706, the son of a candle-maker, and was some twenty-six years older than Washington. Robun's Franklin is a Virginian farmer's son, nearly thirty when he meets the young Washington.

Japanese transcription

話聖東

加礼留

〔つゞき〕見るより
いざりよりていへる
やう〽そこなるはわが
あふぎみのふらん
きりんぬしなるやトこゑ
かけられてますらをは
おとめがおもてをうち見
やりいと
おどろき
たるやうす
にてそなたはいもとの
かれるにあら
ずやなに
のゆへもて
このところに
きたりてありしや
いといぶかしまたそれがしを
うたんとなせるわかものにいふこと
ありしばらくてもとをゆるめてよ
せうぶはあとにてしづかにはたさん
とく〳〵つるぎをしりぞけ給へト
いふに
こなたは
そのます
らをは△

会なるは
せつしや
がいもと
名をかれる
とよびはべりしか
るに☒

☒それがししゆくぐわん
ありてまいよこの社に
通夜《つや》をなしつこよひは
まんぐわんときはた
りおもはずつかれて
まどろみゐたるに⧗

⧗との
かたにもの
おとしていと
さはがしく
きこゆるに

拂郎基林

▲おとめのあにとしるものから
ぞくにあらざることをさとりつるぎを
しりぞけ身をのきてやうすいかにと
ひかへたりかのますらをもはうじぐいを
かたはらになげすてゝちりうち
はらひ
わしんとんが
まへにどつかと
ざしつゝもの
しづ
か
に
いへる
やう

いづれの
さとのわか
ものなるかさい
ぜんよりのしゆ
れんのけんほう
したはしくこそ候
なれそれがし事はひるぎ
にや部内ぶへにすめるのう
みんなるふらんぼれすが
せがれにてふらんきりんと
いへるものなり是会

やしろのうちより
やみとはいへど
うかゞひ見れば
おん身がひとを
あやめたるやう
すを見るより
しさいはしらねど
ひつきやうさんぞく
よとうのものにや
イザくみとめんと
ゆくてをさゝへ
かくのしだいに
およべるなり
しかるに
おん身が
てのうちの
するときこと
はでんくわう
のきらめく
ごとくなるかみ
のおちかゝる
にもひとし
ければこれ
なんにやまだち
なんどの
[つぎへ]

Part Three leaf 21 ^? and publisher's catalogue

handiwork. He must be a hero who has no equal in the world ^?.' So I held my hand, meaning to ask your famous name. And then — who would have thought it? — my sister was here and called out to me. It is all so very strange that I have given my own name first. I beg you, tell me your honoured name and the whole story of what happened." He spoke most courteously.

○ This scene is not yet finished, so it will be told at the beginning of Part Four.

Written by Kanagaki Robun. Pictures by Ichimōsai Yoshitora.

○ From here on, heroes and great men such as Washington and Adams come forward, and the story goes on until America at last becomes an independent country. We shall publish these interesting tales one after another.

Left page: Kansendō's list of its own publications (abridged).

• Shōhei Map of Edo: large hōsho paper, one and a half sheets joined.
• Bandai Map of Edo: the same, two sheets joined.
• Taihei Map of Edo: medium hōsho paper, four and a half sheets joined. These maps are in wide use and have been reprinted many times. Now they have been checked by Takai Ranzan and reissued, corrected and in full detail, down to the lords' residences, newly built-up land, exchanged plots, shrines and temples.
• Complete Chronicle of Japan and China: Japanese and Chinese entries in different colours, printed on both sides.
• Pocket Chronicle: printed on both sides.
• Perpetual Calendar of Era Names: printed on both sides.
• Handy Book of Era Names: a pocket reference, printed on both sides.
• Kansen Teikin Ōrai (a copybook of letters): without reading marks, with kana glosses; large format, one volume, newly published.
• Tokiwa Complete Hundred Poets: medium format, one volume, now out. A rare book that gathers in one volume only the things a woman should keep at her side, such as Onna Imagawa, model letters, etiquette and deportment.
• Reigyoku Hundred Poets: small format, one volume.
• Copybooks of every kind: many titles in large and medium format.
• Hundred Poets books: many titles in medium and small format.
• Picture-book lives of famous warriors: many titles in three or two volumes, glued bindings, each in its own wrapper.

Translator's note. Kansendō was the Edo publisher Izumiya Ichibei. Takai Ranzan (1762–1838) was a popular scholar and editor of reference books. Onna Imagawa is a well-known primer of conduct for girls.

End of Part Three.

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕てぎはにあらず
なかいせいのがうけつならんと
思ひにければてもとをとゞ
めて英名をうけ給は
らんとぞんぜしところあに
はからんやわがいもとの
こゝにありてこゑかけぬ
ればいぶかしきことかぎり
なくわれからなのり
はべるなりねがはくは
おん身のゑいめいなの
らせ給ひてことのしさい
をおんものがたりあれかし
といといんぎんにきこへける
〇このだんいまだ
つくさねば
だい四へん
のはじめ
にとく
べし

假名垣魯文著

一孟齋芳虎画

〇これよりわしん
とんあゝだむ
すとうゑい
ゆうがうけつ
あらはれ
いよ〳〵
あめりか
どくりつ
こくにおよ
ぶまで
おもし
ろき
はなし
おひ〳〵
出板
仕候

甘泉堂手版畧目録

昌平御江戸繪圖　大奉書一枚半継
萬代御江戸繪圖　同二枚継
泰平御江戸繪圖　中奉書四枚半継
凡此圖専ら世に行れて是まで再板あまたゝび也しか
るに此度高井蘭山校合を以諸御やしき新地
替地神社仏閣に至るまで改正明細再板つかまつる

和漢年代記大全　和漢色分両面摺
懐宝年代記　両面摺
年號萬歳暦　両面摺
年號重寶記　懐中益書両面摺

甘泉庭訓往来　無点仮名附　大本全一冊新刻出来

常盤百人一首大全　中本全一冊出来
是は女今川用文章諸礼躾方其外婦人
つね〳〵座右におかれて重宝たるべき有要の
書のみをあつめて大全となしたる珍書なり

麗玉百人一首　小本全一冊

諸往来本　大本中本数多出来

百人一首本　中本小本数多出来

武者繪本一代記　全三冊全二冊數多　粘入摺各袋入

Part Four front matter

Right page: publisher's catalogue.

New publications, spring of Ansei 7 (1860), year of the Monkey

Upper row: - Ryūmaku sakigake zōshi (柳幕魁双紙), parts 1–8 ^?. By Tamenaga Hyōchō, pictures by Ichijusai Kunisada. - Miyakodori migiwa no Matsuwaka, parts 1–3, complete. By Ryūsuitei Tanekiyo, pictures by the same. - Hatsumomiji Ogura no shikishi, parts 1–5, complete. Same author, same artist. - Chōchidori Kameyama-zome, part 1 as above; parts 2 and 3 likewise. - Yoshitsune senbon-zakura, part 1 as above; part 2 complete; part 3 likewise.

Lower row: - Kamagafuchi … Ishikawa (釜ヶ渕水升石川), parts 1–3, complete. By Hanagasa Bunkyō, pictures by Ichiyūsai Kuniyoshi. - En no tsuna kotoba no hanazaki, two volumes, complete. By Hanmonji Eiju, pictures by Isshōsai Yoshimune. - Ataru rishō hitoami (當利生一網), two volumes, complete. By Tamenaga Hyōchō, pictures by Utagawa Kunimori. - Nuregoromo onna Narukami, parts 2, 3 and 4 now out. By Tamenaga Senshō (formerly Hyōchō II), pictures by Ichijusai Kunisada.

Wholesale publisher of illustrated storybooks: Tsujiokaya Bunsuke (Kinshōdō), Yokoyama-chō 3-chōme, Ryōgoku, Edo.

Left page: title page.

Captions: "Lantern" / "Lamp" / "Camera" / "Matches"

Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries, Part Four, upper volume. Translated by Kanagaki Robun; pictures by Ichimōsai Yoshitora. Blocks held by Kinkyōdō.

Translator's note. The title page is framed with Western objects, each labelled in katakana. The Japanese words are tōrō and andō (two kinds of lamp), shashinkyō (camera) and tsukegi (sulphur matches).

Japanese transcription

安政七庚申年春新板目録

〔文〕（版元印）

柳幕魁双紙　初ゟ八迠尾　為永瓢長作　一壽齋國貞画
都鳥汀松若《みやこどりみぎはのまつわか》　初二三よみ切　柳水亭種清作　同
初紅葉小倉色紙《はつもみぢおぐらのしきし》　初ゟ五よみ切　同　同
蝶鵆亀山染《てふちどりかめやまぞめ》　初同　二　三同
義経千本櫻《よしつねせんぼんざくら》　初同　二よみきり　三同
作　画　作　画　作　画　作　画

釜ヶ渕水升石川　初二三よみ切　初花笠文京作　一勇齋國芳画
縁綱詞花咲《えんのつなことばのはなざき》　二冊よみ切　半文字英壽作　一松齋芳宗画
當利生一網　二冊よみ切　為永瓢長作　歌川國盛画
濡衣女鳴神《ぬれごろもをんななるかみ》　二三四出板　二瓢長改為永千章作　一壽齋國貞画
地本艸紙問屋　江戸両國横山町三丁目　辻岡屋文助　金松堂

童繪解《おさなゑとき》
萬國噺《ばんこくばなし》
四編上巻
假名垣魯文譯
一猛齋芳虎画

トウラウ

アンドウ

シヤシンキヤフ

ツケギ

錦橋堂
藏板

Part Four colour frontispiece

Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries, Part Four. Translated by Kanagaki Robun, pictures by Ichimōsai Yoshitora, cut for printing by Kinkyōdō.

Translator's note. The title runs across a colour spread of a Western woman holding a staff (right) and a man in a black hat drawing his sword with a branch in his hand (left). The red roundels "upper" and "lower" and the stamp of the Daisō lending library were added by the owners. They are not part of the printing.

Japanese transcription

童繪解《おさなゑとき》
萬國噺《ばんこくばなし》

上

大惣かし本（貸本屋印）

第四編《だいしへん》
假名垣魯文譯
一猛齋芳虎画
錦橋堂壽梓

下

大惣かし本（貸本屋印）

Part Four leaf 1

Right page: title page of the lower volume. Captions: "Sugar candy" / "Wine set" / "Candlestand"

Picture Tales of the Myriad Countries, Part Four, lower volume. Written by Robun, pictures by Yoshitora. Blocks held by Kinkyōdō.

Left page: preface.

The two first spirits came down from heaven, stirred the waters of the sea, and made the lands. In the five continents some peoples settled early and some late, but all within the four seas are brothers, and the sun and moon are father and mother to all. How could that truth be any different there? Columbus discovered the New World, Amerigo followed him, and the whole continent was mapped out. That is North and South America. Then Westerners came to this land. Its people multiplied, its trades and industries grew, and nothing was lacking. In the United States of the northern continent there was a man called George Washington, who had all three virtues. In loyalty he took no thought for his own life; in government he never let the nation lose its dignity. In the end he freed his country from England's harsh rule and passed the glory of an independent nation on to later ages. […] I have strung his deeds together as a popular tale and made it a picture-book for children […].

Autumn of Bunkyū 1 (1861), the Year of the Rooster. Written by Kanagaki Robun.

Translator's note. The ends of the last two columns are worn away in both copies.

Japanese transcription

をさな絵解《ゑとき》

萬國《まんこく》はなし

四へん

下の巻

魯文作

よし虎画

錦橋堂

ざうはん

コンペイトウ

サケノドウグ

シヨクタイ

太祖二霊天より下降給ひ海水を畫《かきさく》りて

以て國土を造建し玉ふ五大洲中開拓人

烟の年暦頗る遅速ありと雖四海皆兄

弟にして日月父母たるの正理豈異ること有

らんや。閣龍氏《ころんぶす》新世界を検出し。墨利屈氏《めりきゆし》

次で全州成れり。南北亜墨利加《なんぼくあめりか》則ち是なり。

而て西客此地に至り。人種盛んに産業そな

はり。物として足ざるなし。茲に北洲合衆国人話《わ》

聖東《しんとん》業阿尓熱《げおるげ》なる者。性三徳を兼備し。忠

には生命を顧ず。政には國體を失はず。遂に英国の

苛政を脱さしめ。獨立建国の威を後世に傳ふるに至■

其功業を稗史に綴りて。童蒙画説となすにと■

文久元辛酉秋　假名垣魯文誌

Part Four frontispiece picture

Captions: "○ America: Vice-General Adams"

[Full-page picture. A man attacks a gigantic serpent with gaping jaws.]

Japanese transcription

○亜墨利加洲《あめりかしう》

副将《ふくしやう》

阿丹土《あだむす》

Part Four leaf 1 (Waseda copy)

Captions: "○ America: Vice-General Adams"

Translator's note. This is the same frontispiece in the Waseda copy, where it is bound as leaf 1 of Part Four.

Japanese transcription

○亞墨利加洲《あめりかしう》 副将《ふくしやう》 阿丹土《あだむす》

Part Four frontispiece and opening

Right page.

(Note in a box at the top of the picture:) The frontispiece pictures, two leaves in all, show the early history of the United States. The facts are set down in the section on the union of the thirteen states and the illustrated coinage in the first volume of A Short Account of the United States (合衆国小誌), translated into Japanese by Mr Koseki. The thing the immortal lady holds is an olive tree (oilefboom).

Captions: "Washington, Father of the Country" / "The Divine Immortal Lady of America"

Translator's note. The picture shows Washington drawing a bow beside a female figure, an allegory of America like those on American coins. The olive's name is Dutch, olijfboom. "Mr Koseki" is probably the Rangaku scholar Koseki San'ei (1787–1839). The book cited could not be identified.

Left page. (Picture: a mountain waterfall.)

Continued from Part Three.

And so Washington listened to Franklin's account of how things stood. He composed himself and said, "Then you must be the man whose fame I have long heard of,

Japanese transcription

序画口繪總て二葉

合衆国の古事を表

せり其事実ハ小関

姓が和訳せられし合

衆国小誌上の巻十三

州一致貨銭図解の

條に誌せり且仙女

の持てる物ハヲイ

レフボーム樹なり

國父《こくふ》話聖東《わしんとん》

亜墨利加《あめりか》神仙女《しんせんぢよ》

三べんよりつゞき

かく

てその

とき

わしん

とんはふ

らんきりん

がかたれる

おもむき

しか〴〵の▲

▲よしうちきゝ

つゝかたちをあら

ためいへるやう

〽さてはかね〴〵ゑい

めいをきゝ

および

たる

つゞく

Part Four leaves 3–4

Captions: "Washington" / "Franklin" / "Caroline"

the great Franklin himself! I didn't know who you were, so please forgive my rudeness just now. I have done nothing worth putting a name to, but it would be ruder still not to give one. Though it is forward of me to say so, I am George Washington, only son of Mr Meriken Washington, who lives at Fairfax in the province of Virginia in this country. Lately a monster of strange shape has appeared and made its home in the mountains of Kakumaku. Every so often it comes down to the villages and torments the people. When I heard of it, I slipped out of the house last night to kill the creature. I lay hidden at the foot of the mountain, waited for the beast to come out, and brought it down with my gun. Then I moved well away from that spot to escape the poison breath it spits out. As I came along this mountain road, I saw men who looked like bandits. They had tied up your sister and were holding swords to her and threatening her. I couldn't stand by and watch, so I meant to cut the villains down without asking questions, and then ask the maiden what had happened. That was when you came out of the shrine here and stopped me. I took you for one of the bandits, and so I was rude to you. But tell me about your sister. When was she carried off by the bandits ^?? With her brother away from home, you can't have known what was going on. Truly she was in great danger."

At this Caroline edged forward on her knees. "They took me away because tonight my brother was not at home. My father too had gone out on business to the village across the way,

Japanese transcription

PATESN■

PATESN■

つゞき

すぐれびとふらんきりんのぬし

なりしかさなりとしらでたゞいまのぶれいは

ゆるし給へかしそれがしは

なのるべきほど

のいさほしなし

とはいへど▲

▲なのらざるもぶれいに

なんよりてまうすはおこなれどたう

ごくひるぎにやぶないなるふあいるふあ

きすの住人《ぢゆうにん》わしんとんしめりけんが

ひとりこなるわしんとんげをるげとよば

るゝものなりこのごろかくまくざんの山中にゐぎやうの

へんげあらはれすみをり〳〵さとにいできたりてひとを

話聖東

△その

さま

たしか

にさん

ぞくの

よるい

ならめ

と思ひし

かばさきの

ぶれいに

およびし

なりシテ

またおんみ

のいもとごは⊠

⊠いつ

なる

とき

か

さん

ぞくの

ためにうばゝれ

なやますよしをきゝよんべ

ひそかにいへをいでかの

えうくわい

をたいぢ

せんと山

のふもと

にしのび

つゝへんげの

いづるをりをはかり

たまずくめにしとめ

たれどかれがはきだす

どくきをさけんとそのとこ

ろをはるかにしりぞきこの

やまみちを

すぐる

をり

から

さん

ぞく

ばらと

おぼ

しき

をの

拂郎基林

加礼留

こらおん身がいもとをいましめつゝ

けんをつきつけいどめるやうすを見るにしの

びずうむをもとはでかやつらをきりすてんとし

いさいのわけをおとめにとはんとほりするをりおん身が

これなるやしろのうちよりいでゝわれらをさへぎりとゞめし△

る

あり

られ

し

あにご

もいへに

ゐまさ

ねば

さだ

めし

やうすはしらせ

給はじまことに

あやうき

ことなりしと

いふにかれ

るはひざ

すりよせ

〽わらはがかれ

らにゐて

ゆかれしは

こよひあに

ぎといへに

ゐまさず又

ちゝうへもむか

ひちにようじ

ありていでゆき

給ひし

つゞく

Part Four leaves 4–5

Captions: "○ The scene where Franboresu, father of Franklin and his sister, leads the villagers in search of his daughter, appears on the next page."

so only my mother and I were left. I went out to a neighbour's house to fetch something. Outside the house, without my ever guessing it, two tall ruffians were waiting. The moment they saw me they grabbed me so I couldn't move, gagged me with a cloth, and tied both my arms behind my back. They threw me over their shoulders and carried me here, as if on wings, to the wayside shrine. They tied me to a tree and said, 'Do what we two want, or we'll take your head off with one stroke!' They drew their swords and threatened me. Just then, by great good luck, Lord Washington came along. He saved me from shame, and now I can see my father, my mother and my brother again. He is the man to whom I owe my life, my great benefactor. I am so very glad. Brother, please thank him properly for me."

As Franklin listened, he thought of Washington, still so young, who had killed the monster of Mount Kakumaku and then beaten the bandits and saved his sister from harm. He was lost for words in his admiration of such courage. Once more he set both hands on the ground and bowed in thanks for the great kindness of rescuing his sister. "The place I have made my home, Williamsburg, is not far from here. My sister and I will show you the way. It's a humble house, but please rest there a while and meet our father and mother. Come, come!"

And brother and sister

Translator's note. Williamsburg: printed Uiruriamu-hiyuruku, with variants later. Part Three spells it (Uiru)riamubiyurugu as the town where Washington went to school.

Japanese transcription

【つゞき】あとははゝうへわらは
のみそのときわらはゝとなりの
いへにものをもとめにいで
たりしにあにはからんいへの
そとにみのたけたかきふたり
のくせものたゞずみゐしが
わらはを見るよりやにはに
おさへてうごかせずくちに
ぬのをはませさいうのかいなを
うしろにいましめかたにかつぎて
とぶがごとくこのつぢだうの
まへにきたりてわらはを木立《こだち》
につなぎおきふたりのこゝろに
したがふべしさもなくばいつたう
のしたにかうべをはねんとて
つるぎをぬきていどむをり。をりよく
わしんどんぎみのきたらせ給ひて
はづかしめをかうむらんとせしを
のがれふたゝびちゝはゝあにうへ
にまみゆることをえたりしは
いのちのおやともせうす
べきこの身にとりての
だいおんじんいとよろ
こばしく候ひきあにうへ
よきにおんれいをのべ給はれ
トきくたびにふらんきりんは
わしんとんがとしなをいまだ
わかくしでかくまくざんのへん

△あさからずふたゝびりやうてを
ちにつけていもとがきなんを
すくひたりしそのだいおんを
はいしやなし「それがしのすみ
かとさだむる。ういるりあむ
ひゆるく。の地《ち》はこゝを
さることとをからず
きやうだいかしこへ
しるべなしたてまつらん
にしばしがほど見ぐる
しくともいこわせ
給ひてちゝはゝにも
めんくわいをとげ
させ給へとく〳〵ト
はらから【つぎへ】

○拂郎《ふらん》基林《きりん》兄妹《きやうだい》が父《ちゝ》フランボレス里人《さとびと》を従《したが》へて娘《むすめ》の行方《ゆくへ》を尋《たづ》る條

次《つぎ》に見へたり

げをたいぢかつはぞくとを
うちほろぼして◀

◀いもとのき
なんをすく
ひたりし
そのゆう
もうにしたを
まきかんしやう
すること△

Part Four leaves 5–6

Captions: "Caroline" / "Franklin" / "Washington" / "Franboresu"

stood up first and urged him on. Washington was feeling rather tired himself and was glad of the offer, so he followed them along the mountain road. They had gone about ten chō when some fourteen or fifteen people came over the hill opposite, guns on their shoulders, heading their way. As they came closer, Franklin took a good look and turned to his sister. "The man at the head of that crowd is Father! He must have been worried about you and hired men from the village to come and search. I'm sure of it."

Soon the crowd reached them, and Franklin was right: the man in front was the brother and sister's father. He looked overjoyed to find the two of them there and asked what had happened. Franklin told him everything. He had kept an all-night vigil in the shrine and met Washington and his sister there. His sister had been rescued from danger by Washington. And Washington, with heroic courage, had killed the monster halfway up Mount Kakumaku the night before. The father rejoiced that his beloved daughter was safe and thanked Washington warmly. Then he told the villagers he had brought with him that Washington had shot the monster on Mount Kakumaku last night,

Translator's note. A chō is about 109 m.

Japanese transcription

加礼留

拂郎基林

話聖東

【つゞき】さきにたちあがりうながすほどにわしん
とんもすこしくつかれをおぼゆるにさいはひなりと
あとにつきやまぢをさしてゆくほどに十まち
ばかりもきたりしとおもふをりからむかひのやま
よりそのせいおよそ十四五人かたにてつぽう
うちかたげこなたをさしてくる
ものありちかづくまゝにふらん
きりんこれをうち見ていもと
にむかひ「かしこへきたるあまたの
ものゝさきにたちしはちゝぎみ
なるぞさてはそなたをあんじ
給ひてさとのうちなるひとを
やとひてたづねにきたらせ給ひし
にたがひあらじといふ
うちにかのおほぜいの
ひと〴〵はほどなく
こゝにきたれるにふらん
きりんがいひしにたがはず
そのさきにたちたるは
きやうだいがちゝにして
こゝにふたりのゐたるを
見るよりいとよろこば
しきおもゝちにてその
ゆへをたづぬる
にぞふらん▲

▲き
りん
うぢの
ほこ
らの
うち
に
つや
なして
わしん
とんおよび
いもとにまで
めぐりあひ
たることよりして
いもとのきなん
をわしんとんに
すくはれたることおよび
かつはよんべわしん
とんがかくまく
ざんのはんふく
にてえうくわいを
たいぢなしたるゆう
もうゑいきをつぶ
さにかたればちゝなる
ものはまなむすめ

ふらんぼれす

(pseudo-Roman decorative lettering on the gate arch; not transcribed)

のつゝが
なきを
うち
よろ
こび
わしん
とんに
あつくしやし
したがへきた
れるさと
びとには
かくまく
ざんにて
わしん
とんが
よんべ
うち
とめ
け
し
と
いへ
る【つゞく】

Part Four leaves 6–7

Captions: "Caroline" / "Old Mother" / "Washington" / "Franboresu" / "Franklin"

and ordered them, "Go and make sure what the monster really is, then burn it." He sent them off. Then father and children went on ahead, guiding Washington to their own house in Williamsburg. They gave him the seat of honour and told the old mother all that had happened, and the whole household was delighted beyond words. "First, let us give him something to eat!" They spread a cloth on the table and cooked chicken, pork, cow's milk, fowl and other meats, brought out wine and filled his cup again and again. Washington was touched by the family's warm hearts. He made himself at home and ate.

(The explanation of the next picture:)

○ Meanwhile the villagers did as Franklin and his father had told them. They set off together with guns on their shoulders, came to the foot of Mount Kakumaku, and searched for the monster's body where Washington had brought it down. All the big trees round about had been torn apart, and the cliff path had fallen away. The place was dreadfully wrecked, and they all nodded as if to say, "No wonder!" Then they peered down into the valley and saw the strange beast lying on its back. "That's it!" They went closer and looked hard. The mouth of the upper head seemed to be smashed, and blood was running from the eyes and mouth of the lower head. It looked quite dead, but they still didn't dare go near. They fired their guns at it again and again, and when the monster did not get up, they decided it was safe at last. They crowded round it, gathered branches from the trees nearby, poured gunpowder over them and set them alight to burn the body away. But the corpse was harder than iron. However the flames wrapped it, it would not burn, and its shape did not change at all. At their wits' end, they dug out the roots of a fallen tree, made the hole deeper still, and buried the monster in it. Then they all went back together to Williamsburg,

Japanese transcription

カレル

老母

ワシントン

フランボレス

フランキリン

【つゞき】かのえうくわいの
せうたいを見とゞけしうへ
やきすてよトげぢを
つたへてかしこにつかはしおや
とひとしくさきにたち
わしんとんをしるべして
ういるりひゆるく
なるおのがいへぢに
ともなひてかみくら
にざをすゝめ老《らう》
母《ぼ》にもかくと
つけるにかないの
よろこびひとかた
ならずまづちう
じきをまいらせん
とだいのうへに
ぬのをひきには
とりゐのこうしの
ちゝちやうるい
けものをてうり
してさけを
いだしさかづき
をしば〳〵
すゝめて
もてなす
ほど
に▲

△そこ
さしのぞくに
そのさまゐ
ぎやうのへん
げのものあを
むけに
たをれ
たるを見
つけたりさては⊠

▲わ
しん
とんは
おやこの
ものゝせつなる
こゝろをかんじ
つゝうちくつろぎて
しよくじせり

【つぎのゑとき】

○これはさておきさと
びとらはふらんきりん
おやこのものがめいぜし
まに〳〵うちつれててつ
ぽうかたにうちかたげ
かくまくざんのふもとに
いたりわしんとんがしとめし
ところのへんげのしがいを
たづぬるにこゝらあたりの
大木はこと〴〵くひきさけ
てがけのそばみちくづれ
おちいとすさまじくあれ
たるやうすにみな〳〵さこそと
うちうなづきあたりのたに△

⊠これぞとちかづきて
よく〳〵見るにうへなるかしらのくちと
おぼしきところはくだけしたなるかしら
の目くちよりちしほながれてまつ
たくにこときれたるやうすなれども
さうなくはちかづきえず手にでに
もせるてつぽうをあまたたび
うちはなせどへんげはおきも
あがらねばいまはちかより
てしさいなしとそのほとり
によりこぞりあたりの
木のえだかきあつめ
これにえんせうをそゝぎ
かけ火をうつしてかの
しがいをやきうしなはん
とするといへどもその
かばねきんてつにまさ
りてほのをにつゝめど
いつかなやけずかたち
いぜんにかはらねば
みな〳〵はせんかたつきて
たをれし木の根をほり
うがちそのあなをふかく
なしつひにこれをうづめ
つゝうちつれだちてうい
るぐひゆるぐなる【つゞく】

Part Four leaves 7–8

to Franklin's house, and told what had happened. Everyone who heard it felt their hair stand on end.

Washington thanked Franklin and his father for their kindness, but said, "My father and mother will be waiting for me and worrying. I must go home for now. I'll come back soon and thank you properly." With that he took his leave. Father and son were sorry to see him go, but they could not keep him. "Do come again!" they said, and promised to meet once more. They ordered their servant to bring out a carriage, seated Washington in it, and sent him off in great state, with many villagers walking before and behind. Along the streets he passed, old and young, men and women came out to catch a glimpse of Washington, more people than anyone could count. When he came near his own village, he got down from the carriage and sent the escort back from there. Then he hurried on alone to his home in Fairfax.

Here the story divides. Meanwhile, in the same country, at a place called Norfolk, there lived a man named Adams. His father died when he was a small child, and he served his mother with deep filial love. When his farm work was done he kept her company and looked after her, and he never once treated her carelessly. He would not have been ashamed beside the Twenty-Four Paragons of China. This year Adams was eighteen. His mother was past sixty, bent at the waist and weak in body, and she could not walk freely. So she stayed shut up in the house with nothing to cheer her. It was now the middle of the third month, and she heard the neighbours say that the hills on every side were in blossom and lovely to see. One day she called Adams to her and said, "They tell me the hills all round are in full flower. If my legs were good, I would go and look at the blossoms to comfort my old age. But I cannot walk, and so I must let even the flowers of spring go by as if they were nothing to do with me. How miserable it is! When I think of it, I would be better off dying a day sooner." Hearing an old woman's tearful complaint like that, his heart ached, and it sounded sadder than ever. Adams comforted her. "As luck would have it, the sky is clear today and the weather is especially mild. I'll carry you on my back to the north hill of Portsmouth, and we'll look at the blossoms. Please wait a moment while I get a lunch box and a flask ready." He bustled about willingly, and all was soon ready. He hung the lunch box and flask from his waist, took his mother on his back and carried her to the north hill. "It's nice and quiet here where nobody comes," he said. He sat his mother on a stump, took the lunch box and flask from his waist, opened them and offered them to her. For a while they sat there looking at the blossoms on every hill. His mother was soothed by the day's outing, and her joy showed in her face. As she gazed round the hills, her eye fell on the flowers growing thick in a hollow of the valley. She turned to Adams. "Look there! The blossoms in the bottom of that valley have such a sweet scent, finer than any other flowers. Break off a branch for me. As a keepsake of today's flowers

Translator's note. The Twenty-Four Paragons (二十四孝) are the classic Chinese models of filial piety. Robun's place names put Adams in Norfolk and the hill at Portsmouth (Horutsumōto), the town across the river from Norfolk in Virginia. The father's name in the Washington episode is literally "Mr Washington Meriken", using the family name Part Three gave the hero's father.

Japanese transcription

つゞき

ふらんきりんがいへにかへりてことしか〳〵と

つぐるにぞきくもの身のけをいよだゝせりかくて

わしんとんはふらんきりんおやこのものゝあつき

もてなしをしやしつゝもわがふたおやのわれを

まちこゝろをらうさせゐまさんなればひとまづ

いへにたちかへりちかきにゆる〳〵おんれいにまかり

こさんしからばとていとまをつぐればおやこの

ものはいとゞなごりはをしめどもさてとゞむべき

にあらざればまたこそいらせ給はれとさい

くわいをやくしつゝいへのこにめいじいつてうの

車馬《くるま》をしゆつらいこれにわしんとんをうち

のせつゝあまたのさとびとにぜんごをかこませ

いとぎやう〴〵しくおくりいだすにすぐるちまた

のらうにやく男女はわしんとんをかいま見んと

そのみちすぢにたちいでてそれをけんぶつなす

ものゝいくたりといふかずをしらずかくまで

わしんとんはわがさとちかきところにて車馬《くるま》

をくだりておくりきたるひと〴〵をこゝよりかへし

これよりその身ひとりにてみちをはやめてふあ

きすなるおのがいへぢにおもむきける

はなし一ツにわかるこれはさておきこゝにまたどう

ごく。のるほるくといへるところに。あゝだむす。と

いへるものありその身いとけなくしてちゝをうしなひ

はゝにつかへてかうしんふかくさんぎやうのいとまにははゝ

おやをなぐさめかしづきかりにもそりやくのふるまひ

なくかのもろこしの二十四のともがらにしもはづべからず

あゝだむす今年十八といへるはるむそじにあまる

はゝおやはこしかゞみからだおとろへあゆみもじざい

ならざればたゞいへにのみとぢこもり身をなぐさむ

べきよすがなしころしもやよひなかのころにてよもの

やま〳〵はなさきていとふぜいあるけしきなりとほとりの

ものゝいへるをきゝある日はゝおやあゝだむすをちかく

まねぎていへるやう〽このせつよものやま〳〵ははなのさかり

ときくものをあしのはこびのよかりなばおひをなぐさむ

よすがにもかしこへいたりてはなを見んにあゆみのならぬ

かなしさにははなさくはるのながめさへよそに見すごす

うたてさよこれを思へば一ト日もはやくしするがましぞと

なみだくむおひのくりごときく身にもむねふたがりて

いとゞしくものかなしくぞきこへけるあゝだ

むすはこれをなぐさめ〽さいはひ

けふはそらもはれひとしほ

のどかのやうきにはべれば

はゝうへをおひたてまつ

りて。ほるつもうとのきた

やまへまかりてはなをながめ

はべらんしばらくまたせ

給へかしわりごさゝへのよういせんと

まめ〳〵しくたちはたらきようい

たゞちにとゝのひければわりごさゝへを

こしにつけはゝをそびらにうち

おひてかのきたやまにつれゐたりひと

けもあらぬところこそものしづか

にてよかんめりとくいぜにはゝをこし

かけさせこしにつけたるわりごさゝへを

とりいだしてうちひらきこれをらう

ぼにすゝめつゝやま〳〵にさきそふはなを

ながめてしばしこれにをりかくて▲

▲はゝ

おやは

けふのゆさんに

こゝろをなぐさめよろ

こびのいろおもてにあらはれ

なほよもやまをながむるに

たにのあなだにらんまんと

さきそふはなに目をとゞめ

あゝだむすにうちむかひ

〽あれ見よかしこのたにそこに

さきそふはなはそのかをり

ふくいくとしてよのはなにひと

しほまさるふぜいあり

あれをひとえだをり

とりてよけふのはな

つぎへ

Part Four leaves 8–9

Captions: "Washington" / "A carriage with two horses"

nothing could be better to take home."

"As you wish," said Adams, and he turned and went down into the valley. He clung to the ivy and the vines and made his way along the rocks until at last he reached the bottom. He broke off a branch of the cherry his mother wanted and climbed back to the stump where she had been sitting. But when he looked, only the lunch box and the flask were there. His mother was gone. "What's this? Where has Mother gone? She can't walk. How could she have crawled away? Oh, this is worrying!" He searched here and there, but there was not even a shadow of her. More and more alarmed, he ran about like a madman. He climbed the hills and went down into the valleys and looked every way, but he could not find where she had gone. He looked up to heaven, threw himself on the ground, felt his heart torn out, and wept tears of blood. Then he calmed himself and thought. "It must be that Mother has been carried off by some monster or demon, or eaten by a wild beast. To lose my only mother in that little moment! 'Bitter' is not word enough. Very well. Even if I have to climb to heaven or dig into the earth, I will find my mother's enemy and strike it down, or never rest!" His angry eyes were red with blood. He pushed on, mountain after mountain, hoping at least to find his mother's remains and some clue to her enemy. He went where not even woodcutters go, where every human track ends, and searched every corner. But the mountains were steep and craggy, the trees grew thick, and there was only the roar of waterfalls echoing back, and far off the sad cries of monkeys. Yet Adams, brave and hot-blooded and never sparing himself for his mother's sake, was not afraid of the lonely mountains and pressed on upward. Ahead of him a cloud of mist rose up, and something was glittering in it. "This must be where the monster lives. I'll go and see." He dashed straight at it, drew his sword […] and pushed into the cloud ^? […]. But even Adams found his whole body frozen, and he could not move. He fell back onto the ground with a thump and sat there glaring at the spot. Just then someone suddenly appeared from inside a cave. Adams steadied his gaze and looked hard. It was a noble lady dressed in a robe of leaves, holding a branch, and she beckoned to him. "So this is the monster!" He put his hand to his sword hilt, but his arm was numb and would not obey. In his frustration he stamped his feet, rubbed his arm and edged closer. Then the lady smiled. "Bravo, brave youth! I am no monster or goblin. Ever since this New World was opened, I have been the guardian of the whole land,

Translator's note. The captions on this spread belong to the picture, which still shows the Washington story: his carriage and escort.

Japanese transcription

【つゞき】みのいへづとにはこれにましたる
ものあらじ」とはゝがのぞみにあゝだむす
「おほせかしこみ候といひつゝその身をひるがへし
かのたにそこへくだりゆきぬかくてあゝだむすは
つたかつらにとりつき
いはほをつたひからうじてたに
そこにくだりゆきはゝがのぞめるさくらの
ひとえだをりとりてふたゝびもとのはゝの
ざしたるくいぜのもとに
かへりきたりて見る
ほどにそこにはわりご
すひづゝのみのこりてはゝのをらざれば
こはいかにはゝおやはいづこへいらせ給ひけん
あゆみのかなはぬおん身にてなにとして
はひいで給ひしぞこゝろ
もとなきことかなと
そこよこゝよとたづぬるにかげさへ
見へねばます〳〵おどろききやうきのごとく
はせまはり山に▲

▲のぼり
たにゝ
くだりとみ
かう見ても
ゆくゑをしら
ねばてんをあほぎ
ちにまろびはら
わたをたつおもひして
ちしほのなみだをながせしがこゝろを

△とまつしくらに
はせつけおびたる
げんをぬき■
かのうんきを
わけ入■■■
さしものあゝだ
むすが五たい
すくみてはた
らきえず
おもはずしり
へにどうと
ざしかしこを
にらまへ
つめたる
をりから
いわやのうち
よりこつ
ぜんとあらは
れいでたるもの
あればあゝだ
むすはまな
こをさだめ
ひとみをすへ
てよく見る
にその
さまたう
ときひとりの
ふじん身には木の

話聖東

車馬二騎

しづめておもへるやうさつするところ
まづはゝはえうくわいまものゝために
しもかきさらはれ給ひしかあるは
たけきけものなんどのゑじきと
せられ給へるにやわづかのひまに
たゞひとりのはゝをうしなびたりしことむねんと
いふもあまりありよしこのうへばてんにのぼりちに
くゞりてもはゝのあだたづねあたりてうたでや
やまんトいかれるまなこにちをそゝぎやま
またやまにわけいりてせめてははゝの
なきがらをももとめてあだのよすがを
しらんと木こりもかよはでじんせきたへし
ところにわけいりくまなくあされど
さんちうがゞとして木々おひ
しげりたきのみづおと
たう〳〵とこだまにひゞくのみ
にしてはるかにきこゆるまし
らのさけびものかなしくぞ
きこへけるされども孝心に
身をおしまぬゆうもうけつ
きのあゝだむすせきばくたる
しんざんをおそるゝいろなくわけ
のぼるにむかひにうんきたち
のぼるそのうちにきら〳〵と
きらめくものゝありと見て
これなんへんげまのものゝ
をるところにてあらんずらん
かしこにいたりてやうすを見ん△

はのころもを
まとひ手に
木のえだを
にぎり
もちあゝだ
むすをさし
まねぐに
これなん
えうくわい
ござんなれ
とつるぎのつかに
手はかくれど
うでなへしび
れてはたらき
えずむねんく
とぢだんだふみ
かいなをさすりてつめ
よればそのときふじん
はくわんじとうちゑみ
「よきかな壮士《さうし》われ
はそもえうくわいへん
げのたぐひに
あらずこの
しんせかい
ひらけし
より全地
ぢをまも
る【つゞく】

Part Four leaves 9–10

Captions: "Adams's mother" / "Adams"

the Divine Immortal Lady. A little while ago you lost your mother, and you have been searching for where she went and seeking her enemy. But you have no evidence, so you cannot know. Still, because one day you will be the most virtuous man in this country, I have appeared here to tell you who your mother's enemy is. Far to the west of here there is a cave that has been there ever since this mountain rose up. In it lives a serpent a thousand years old. It is always catching people and eating them, and so it has grown several jō long, with swollen, fatty flesh, and it is strong enough to shake the earth. Just now, while you were down in the valley, the serpent smelled a human being, went there and swallowed your mother whole in one gulp. It has been piling up evil for years, and even I could not stop it. But now its fated span has run out, so I will let you kill it and avenge your mother. Still, it has lived so many hundreds of years that it has magic powers. If you go near it carelessly, things may go wrong. So I will help you with a plan. Watch, now!" She waved the branch in her hand, and from who knows where a great white-feathered eagle suddenly swooped down. The immortal turned to Adams again. "This is the sacred eagle that always serves me. If you follow where it flies, you will come to the serpent's lair. When you are in danger, the bird will fight beside you. Hurry, hurry! We shall meet again." She explained everything most carefully. Adams put his hands to the ground and bowed. "How can I ever repay your kindness, Immortal Lady? Then, as you tell me, I will follow the eagle and go straight to the serpent's lair. Oh, how glad I am!" He bowed his head to the ground. The immortal gave Adams the branch she was holding. "This is a branch of the tereibu-bōmu tree that grows on this mountain. As long as you carry this wood on your body, the serpent's

Translator's note. A jō is about 3 m. The text literally says "while your mother went down into the valley", evidently a slip, since it was Adams who climbed down. Tereibu-bōmu is a Dutch-sounding tree name (boom, "tree"), like the olive's oilefboom in the frontispiece note. The first word is unidentified. "Most virtuous" renders kuwantaru toku, read as 冠たる徳, "pre-eminent virtue".

Japanese transcription

阿丹土母

つゞき神仙女
なりなんぢさい
ぜんはゝをうしなひ
そのゆくゑを
たづねあさりその
あだをもとむれ
どもせうこなけ
ればしるよしなし
しかれどもなん
ぢはのちにこの
くにのうちに
くわんたるとくを
そなふるゆへを
ゆへをもて
われこのとこ
ろにあらはれ
てなんぢがはゝ
のあだをつげん
そも〳〵このやま
わきいでたる
そのころより
してこれより
はるかにしに
あたりてひとつ
のほらあり
そのうちに
せんざいを
へたるおろち

阿丹土

のすまゐ
せりかれ
つねに人を
とりてしよくすをもて
そのたけすじやうしゝむらこへて
あぶらづきいきほひ大地震を
ふるふにいたるさいせんなんぢが
はゝたにゝくだりしそのひまにかの
おろちひとのにほひをかぎつけて
かしこにいたりてなんぢがはゝをたゞ
ひとのみにのみつくせりかれせきあく
としをつめどもわれもせいすることを
えずしかれどもかのおろちがめい
すうこゝにつきたればなんぢに
うたしてはゝおやのあだをむくはし
えさせんさはあれかれはよひやく
ざいをへたるがゆへにじんつうあり
たやすくそれにぢかづきなば
あやまつことのありもせんわれ
ひとつのてだてをもてなんぢが
ために助力《ぢよりき》せんみよ
や〳〵ト手にもてる木の
えだをもてさしまねげば
いづこよりかはしらはの
大わしこつぜんとしてまひ
さがれば仙女ふたゝび
あゝだむすにうちむかひ
ていへるやう〽こはわが▲

▲つねにめし
つかふ霊鷲
なるがこのとりのとび
ゆくかたをしたひなばかの
おろちのすみかにいたらん
あやうきときはこのとりがかせい
なさんにとく〳〵いそげまたさいくわい
のときあらんトいとこまやかにとき
さとせばあゝだむすはかやう手を
つかへ〽こはありがたき仙女《せんぢよ》の△

△めぐみいつかはむくひ
たてまつらんしからば
みつげのまに〳〵
わしのあとに
したがひおろち
のすみかへこれ
よりすぐにまか
るべしあらよろ
こばしとぬかづけば
仙女はもてる木の
えだをあゝだ
むすにさづけ
給ひ〽こはこの
やまにせう
ずるところ
のテレイ
ブボーム
ぢゆの
えださ
ゑあり
この
木を
その
身に
つくる
ときは
おろち
の

つゞく

Part Four leaves 10–11

Captions: "Written by Robun" / "Pictures by Yoshitora" / "Adams's mother" / "Adams"

poison breath will never touch you. Now go, quickly!" As soon as the eagle heard the immortal's words, it spread its wings and soared up into the sky again, and Adams ran off after the great bird.

Continued in the lower volume.

From the upper volume. When Adams looked back over his shoulder, the immortal who had been there a moment ago had vanished, wrapped in clouds.

○ So Adams did as the immortal had told him. He kept his eyes on the great bird as it flew ahead and followed it along the mountain paths. He had gone, he thought, some three ri or more, when the eagle settled on a branch of a great tree. It stretched its head down toward the valley and flapped its wings again and again. Seeing this, Adams thought, "The lair of the serpent I've sworn to kill must be around here. I'll hide and wait for it to come out." He hid among the thick trees ^? and waited impatiently. Just then a gust of foul-smelling wind sprang up. The branches of the great tree roared and tossed, sand and stones went flying, and the sky, clear until that moment, clouded over. Black clouds whirled in the air, and it became terrible to see. At that very moment, out of the bottom of the valley, an old serpent, very thick and several jō long, raised its head and came sliding up the mountainside, slither, slither. It fixed its eyes on the fierce eagle perched on the treetop several jō above

Translator's note. A ri is about 3.9 km. The circled 三 and the small seal at the top margin of the left page mark the beginning of the lower volume.

Japanese transcription

魯文作

芳虎画

阿丹土母

つゞき
どく気《き》に
ふることなし
とく〳〵せよト
仙女のことばを
きくよりわしは
はがひをひろげ▲

▲ふたゝ
びこくう
にまひ
あがるあゝ
だむすは
大とりのあと
をしたひて
はせいだし

下の巻へつゞく

阿丹土

上の巻よりそびらのかたをかへり
見ればいままでありし仙女のすがたは
くもにつゝまれうせにけり
〇かくてあゝだむすは仙女がをしへに
したがひてかの大とりのまひゆくかたを
目あてに山ぢを
すぐるほとに
三里あまりも
きたりしと思ふ
をりにかの大わしはとある
大樹《だいじゆ》のえだにとまりたに
そこにかしらをのぞませ羽
ばたきなすことあまたゝび
このやう
すを
みて
あだ
むす
はこゝろ
のうちに
おもふやう
さては
その
あだとし
ねらふおろちの
すみかはこゝら
ならんかれが
いづるをもの
かげに▲

▲かくれてまたんとおもひ
しげる木立坂の
あひだにみを
ひそめいまや
おそしとまち
かけたりかゝる
をりから△

△いちぢん
のなまぐさき
かぜふきおこり大樹《だいじゆ》
のえだはどう〳〵と
なりそよぎ
砂《しや》
石《せき》
をとばしいま
まではれたるそら
かきくもりくろくも⧗

⧗ちうにまひさかりものすさまじく見へたる
ときしもたにのそこよりいとふとく
そのたけすじやうのとし
ふるおろち⧗

⧗かう
べを
もたげ
てずる
〳〵と
やまの
うへに
はな
あがり
すじやう
の

つゞく

Part Four leaves 11–12

Captions: "The Immortal Lady" / "Adams"

and looked ready to swallow it. But the eagle glared back with blazing eyes and its feathers on end, ready to peck the serpent if it came near. So even the serpent dared not attack lightly, and the two faced each other for a while, one above and one below, glaring. Adams had been watching closely from behind a tree. He tucked the sacred branch the immortal had given him into his belt, drew his sword and leapt out. He aimed at the serpent's head and struck, and the blow went true, slicing it open from the edge of the eye to the tip of the snout. The serpent was startled and furious. It spat flames from its mouth, opened its great jaws and lunged to swallow Adams whole in one gulp. But Adams quickly twisted aside. The serpent struck to the right and aimed to the left, and with all its wonderful magic powers the poisonous snake had Adams in real danger. At that moment the fierce eagle, which had been resting its wings, clacked its beak and swooped down. It stabbed at the serpent's body here and there with its beak and tore at it with its claws, and so came to Adams's aid. This gave him heart. While the eagle beat its wings, he seized his chance as the serpent weakened, slashing and thrusting wherever his blade fell. At last even that poisonous snake was hacked to pieces like minced fish. Its strength ebbed little by little, until, with a crash that shook the earth, it toppled over backwards into the valley and died. When the eagle saw clearly that it was dead, it flew far up into the sky,

Japanese transcription

仙女

▲ねらへどぢんつう
ぢざいのどくじやの
いきほひ
すでにあや
ふきその
をりしも羽《は》
がひをやす
めしくだんの
あらわし
はしをならし
てまひさか
りおろちが
せんしん
そこゝと
くちばしを
もて
つきつら
ぬき
ある
ひは
つめ
もて
かきさば
きあゝだ
むすは
たすくる
にぞこれに
気をえて

阿丹土

つゞき
こずゑに
とまりたるはの
あらわしにまなこを
つけのまんけしき
にあらわしは
まなこを
いからし
羽をさか
だておろ
ちがよらば
くちばし
もてつひば
まんありさま
なればさしもの
おろちもさうなく
かゝらずそうほう
うへとしたとにてしばし
にらまへつめたるをあゝだむすは木かげより
とくとうかゞひ仙女よりえたる霊樹《れいじゆ》をこし
にさしけんひきぬきておどりいでおろちがまつかう
めがけつゝはつしときれはあやまたずまなこの
きはよりはなつらまでばらりずんときりさげたり
おろちはこれにおどろきいかりくちよりくわゑんを
はきいだし大くちあいてあゝだむすをたゞひとのみときそひ
かゝるをこなたははやくみをそむけみぎにあたりひだりを▲

つばさを
うちふり
おろちが
よはるきあひ
につけいり
あたるに
まかせてきり
ちらしつき
つらぬけば
さしもの
どくじやも△

△しんたい
いまはなます
のごとくし
だい〳〵に
いきほひ
つきぢひゞき
うつてたに
そこへ
どう
と∞

∞のけ
ぞりいき
たゆるをとくと
見すましかのわしは
こくうはるかに

つゞく

Part Four leaves 12–13

Captions: "The Immortal Lady" / "Adams"

…soared up into the sky, and no one could tell where it had gone. Adams gazed after the eagle until it was far away. Knowing that all this had come about through the divine virtue of the immortal lady, he bowed low in thanks. He was utterly worn out, so he went down into the valley and wet his throat with clear water from the swift stream. The sun was about to sink behind the western hills, so he decided to leave the place for the time being and come back later with hired men to clear away the serpent's carcass. He went down the mountain, crossed the valley, struggled out at last into the village and came back to his own house. That same night he went to the house of the village headman and told him the whole story of the day's calamity, from the moment his mother was swallowed by the serpent to how, with the immortal's help, he had killed the serpent and taken his revenge then and there.

The headman listened and grieved for the mother's sudden, unforeseen end. "Even with the immortal's power to help him," he marvelled, "for one as young as Adams to kill so deadly a serpent so easily is no feat of an ordinary man," and he was deeply moved by Adams's devotion to his mother.

So the next morning the headman called every last one of the villagers together, told them all that Adams had related, and gave his orders: "Let Adams guide you. Go down into that valley, get close to the great serpent's carcass, and burn it with dry brushwood." They all understood. With Adams to guide them they pushed their way up the mountain, went down into the valley where the serpent had fallen, and came close to look at it. It was long enough to wrap around a small hill ^?, and as thick as a rice-mortar. Its whole body was slashed with wounds, and it lay dead, stained red with blood. Everyone who saw it felt their hair stand on end, and there was no one who did not praise what Adams had done. Then the villagers set fire to the dry brushwood they had brought with them, and

Translator's note. This spread is printed sideways, and the book has to be turned to read it. It was transcribed separately from the others (ocr/final/ndl_vol4_p0016.txt), with the Waseda copy (vol2/p0034) for worn spots.

Japanese transcription

仙女

つゞき まひあがりゆくゑも
しれずなりになりにける
あだむすはわしのゆく
かたをはるかにうち見やり
これなん仙女の
しんとくに
よれるところとれい
はいなし身のうち
大いに▲

▲つかれ
たればたにゝくだり
てはや川のしみづ
にのんどをうるほし
つゝ日はにし山に
おちんと
する
に◬

阿丹土

◬ひと
まつこゝを
さりてのち
ひとをやとひ
てふたゝび
きたりておろ
ちのしがいを
かたづけんと山を
くだりたにをこへ
からうじてさとに
いでおのがすみかへ
たちかへりそのよのうちにむら
おさのいへにいたりてけふのわざ
はひはゝをおろちにのまれしこと
より仙女のたすけにおろちを
たいぢそくじにあたをむくひ
たるいちぶしゞうをかたるにぞ
むらおさきゝてはゝおやの
ふりよのさいごをいたみつゝあゝ
だむすがじやくねんにて仙女
のちからをあはすともさまでの
どくじやをやす〳〵とたいぢなし
たるはたらきはぼんにんなら
ずとしたをまきそのかう
しんをかんじけるかくてつぎの⊠

⊠あさむらおさはさと人のこら
ずよびつとへあだむすが
かたりしむねをみな〳〵につげ
しらしなんぢらあだむすを
あないとしかしこのたにゝくだり
ゆきてかのうわばみのし
がいにちかつきかれしば
をもてやきすてよト
めいすにみな〳〵こゝろ
えてあだむすに
あないさせかの山に
わけのぼりおろち
のたふれしたに
くだりちかづきてこれを
見るにそのたけ
小山をま
どふに
にたり
ふとき
ことうす
にひとしく
ぜんしん
あまたきず
つけられ
あけに
そみて
死しゐたれば
これを見る
もの
みのけ
たちあゝ
だむす
がはた
ら
き
を
感
せう
せざるはなかり
けるかくてさと
人はたくはへたる
かれしばに
ひと

つゞく

Part Four leaves 13–14

Captions: "Adams"

at once burned the serpent's carcass. He went back to the headman's house and told the whole story of the serpent. The headman was deeply moved by Adams's devotion to his mother and his courage, and from then on he held Adams in the highest regard. Now, this village headman had lost his wife some years before, and he had one daughter. She was not only lovely to look at but good-hearted too, and finer than other girls. She had learned all the arts a woman ought to know, and she never behaved lightly. This year she had reached the spring of her sixteenth year, and she served her father faithfully. So the headman, Majisa, meant to take an excellent man as his son-in-law, hand the house on to him and retire. He had been looking for one since the year before, but no one suited him, and the matter had rested there. Now he saw how well Adams always served his mother, how devoted he was, and how skilled at everything. Deeply

Japanese transcription

阿丹土

つゞき もしたゞちにおろちの
しがいをやきすてせうくわんがいへに
もどりておろちのことどもものがたり
あゝだむすがかうしんとゆう
きのほどをかんせうしこれより
あゝだむすをたつとむことおほ
かたならずさればこのさとの
せうくわんは
つまはさきに
みまかりて
いちにんの▲

▲むす
めをもてり
かほばせのあて
やかなるのみならずしてこゝろ
ばへも△

∞ことしは二八の
はるをむかへちゝに
つかへてまめやかな
ればせうくわん
マヂサハすぐれし
ものをむこに
とりて世をゆ
ずりその身は
いんきよ⧗

△世に
すぐれ
よろづ
をな
ご
の
たし
なむわざ
はなにくれとなく
これをたしなみかりにも
うきたるおこなひなく∞

⧗せん
もの
と
こぞ
より
これを
たづぬる
に心に
かな
ひし◀

◀ものなけれ
ばそのまゝにうち
すぎけるがあゝ
だむすが日ごろ
よくはゝにつかへて
かうしんなるとよろづの
わざにたけたるをふかく

つゞく

Part Four leaves 14–15

impressed, he thought, "Here is a man I could hand my house to. But he has a mother, so it would be hard to take him as a son-in-law." He had put the thought aside. "But now he is alone in the world, so perhaps he will agree." One day he called Adams to him and told him what he had in mind. Adams declined. "For a humble peasant like me to be chosen as son-in-law to the great headman is more honour than I deserve. But the villagers under you might refuse to take orders from me, and then your good name would be [disgraced?] and you would regret it later. On this point I beg you to excuse me, and to look for a son-in-law worthy of your rank."

Majisa was more impressed than ever and liked him all the better. He thought it over and said, "Then if all the people under me agree with one heart, will you be willing to become my son-in-law? I would like to hear that." Adams answered at once. "I am of low rank, and I am ashamed that people would not follow me, so I declined. But if all of them agree to take my orders, there could be no greater good fortune for me. Why would I refuse?"

Majisa was delighted. He sent Adams home for that day. The next day he called together the people of the thirty-six villages under his rule. "By my own judgement I mean to make Adams my son-in-law and hand my office on to him. But some of you may look down on him as the son of a small farmer of this village, and refuse to follow his orders.

Japanese transcription

つゞき かんじてこのものなりせばわが
いへをゆづりてよろしさはあれかれには
はゝあればむこにとらんとなすこと
かたしとそのまゝおもひとゞまりしが
いまはかれが身ひとつなればうけ
ひくこともあらんかとてある日あゝだ
むすをうちまねきかう〴〵のよしいひ
きけるにあゝだむすはこれをぢし〽いや
しきどみんのやつがれを大せうくわんの
むこがねにめさるゝことはめうがなけれど
くみしたのさとびとらがもしやつがれの
げぢをうけずばせうくわんの名
をまれにしてのちにこうくわいし給ふ
べしこのきはひらにみゆるしありて
こみぶんにつりあふむこをさがさ
せ給へといひけるにぞマヂサはいよ〳〵
かんげきしてなほこのましくおもふ
ものからしあんをさだめていへるやう
しからばわれらがくみしたのもの
どもがいちどうにとくしんなさば
むこがねになりて給はるこゝろなりや
そのことをきかまほしととふにこなたは
いちぎにおよばず〽やつがれ身ぶんいやし
ければひとのきふくせざるをはぢてかくはいなみ
たてまつれどもしやつがれがげぢをうけんと
いちどうのものとくどうなさばこのみの
さいはひこの身にすぎずなにとて
いなみたてまつらんといふに

マヂサはおほいによろこび
その日はあゝだむすを
いへにかへしつぎの
日おのがしはい
なす三十六かそんのたみを
まねき〽こたびわれらが
めがねによりてあゝだ
むすをむことなしやくぎを
かれにゆづらんと
思ふなり
さは
あれ
かれ
は
たゞ
むら
の小
びやく
せうの
せがれ
なるを
いやしめ
かろんじ
そのげぢ
にした
がはざる
ものある
つぎへ

Part Four leaves 15–16

Captions: "Adams" / "Franklin"

If that happens, there will be no end of trouble among my people, and it will become a serious matter for my house. So I have called you all together. Is it good or bad for me to take this son-in-law? I ask each of you to write your name and your vote and put it in this box." He held out a box, and everyone agreed. Each wrote down "good" or "bad" and dropped it into the box. When the peasants of the thirty-six villages had gone home, Majisa took out the votes everyone had cast and opened them one by one. As if they had all agreed beforehand, every one of them said "good." "Just as I thought," Majisa said to himself, looking very pleased. He called his daughter Ejise, told her he had decided to take Adams as her husband, and showed her the votes of the people under him. His daughter agreed at once. Before many days had passed, Majisa called Adams and showed him all this. "As we agreed, we will choose a lucky day and you shall marry my daughter." Adams had no way out of it. He told his relatives, a lucky day was chosen, and he went into the headman's house and married the daughter. They vowed to grow old together and share one grave, and the wedding was celebrated with the song of "A Thousand Autumns."

So Adams became the son-in-law of the headman Majisa and was presented to the people under him. Following the custom of the time, he took over from his father-in-law and governed the villages. The many peasants were impressed with how well Adams handled things, and no one went against his orders. "In everything," they said, "Adams may be younger than Majisa, but he's quicker to decide!" They praised him, and there was no one who would not follow his lead ^?.

○ Adams had been living in that house for a year

Translator's note. Irefuda (入札), the sealed written vote, is the word for a ballot. Robun is surely drawing on what Japanese readers had heard of American elections. "A Thousand Autumns" (Senshūraku) is the closing chant of a Nō programme, sung at Japanese weddings. The caption names Franklin, who appears in the next episode.

Japanese transcription

阿丹土

つゞき ときは配下《はいか》
のさうどうやむ
べからずしかる
ときはわがいへに
かゝはるだいじ
いで
きなん
よりて
おの〳〵を
よびつどへ
このむこ
とりて
よきか
あしきや
めい〳〵
これなる
はこのうちへ
名まへを
しるさせいれ
ふだをせら
れんことを
たのむなりト
ひとつの
はこを▲
▲さし
いだせばいち
どうこゝろえよし
あしをかきしたゝめて
かのはこへめい〳〵になげ
⧗うけひきければマヂサは
日ならずあゝだむすをよび
てこれらのことをしめしやく
そくなればよき日
をゑら
みて⊗
⊗むすめと
こんいんさす
べしといふに
こなたはのがるゝすべ
なくえんかのものにも
これをつげさて吉日をえらみ
つゝせうくわんがいへにいりてむすめ
とこんれいのぎしきをなし
かいらうどうけつのちぎり
あさからずせんしうらくとぞ
しゆくしけるさるほどにあゝだ
むすはせうくわんマヂサが
むことなりてはいかのものに
ひろうなしたうじしう
とのみならひとて
むら〳〵のしはい
なすにあま
たのひやく

拂郎基林

いれたりかくて三十六かそんのひやく
せうばらはたちかへりしあとにてマヂ
サはかのはこよりみな〳〵がいれ
ふだせしかきつけをいち〳〵に
ひらきみるにあまたのものゝいひ
あはせたるごとくにてひとしくよし
とぞかきたりけるマヂサは
こゝろのうちにさも△
△あらんと
したりがほ
してむすめ
のヱジせを
よびいだし
てあゝだ
むすを
むこに
とるべき
ことを
さだめし
はいかのもの
らがいれ
ふだを
見する
にむす
めはいちぎにおよばず
そくじにこれを⧗
しやう
あゝだ▲
▲むすが
とりあつかひの
よきをかんじその
げぢをそむくもの
なくよろづのこと
マヂサよりは
としわかく
ともあゝだ
むすこそ⊖
⊖けつだん
はやしと
もてはやし
なにごとも
みなげぢ
をうけ
なび
かぬ
ものは
なか〔?〕
りけり〔?〕
○さるほどに
あゝだむすは
このやにある
ことひとゝせ
つぎへ

Part Four leaves 16–17

Captions: "Adams" / "Franklin"

and more, when one day he thought it all over. "The thirteen parts of this country belong to England, so officials come from London to run its government. But our country has no sovereign of its own, and the kings and princes of neighbouring lands are always ready to send their armies and invade. I was born a subject of this country, humble as I am. If that time comes, can I bear to stand by and watch? If I am needed, I must be able to guard the country against its enemies so that it is never invaded." So whenever the village young men had time to spare, he gathered them and lectured on the art of war. He practised arms and drilled them above all in the tactics of the battlefield, using mortars ^? […] cannon and other great guns, bombs, bayonet muskets and every kind of weapon he could collect. He tried each one himself and then taught the others. Before long all the peasants under Majisa's rule had become Adams's pupils, and as they drilled, they became a complete army that would have nothing to be ashamed of on any battlefield. In the time left over from farming they gathered in the grounds of Majisa's house and gave their whole minds to this. On this day too, in a break from the ploughing, the young men of the villages had come together to try out the guns and march in step, and the grounds were noisy and lively.

Just then Franklin of Williamsburg happened to be passing that way on a small errand in the neighbourhood. He heard the sound of drilling going on inside the walls of Majisa's house. Since this was the path he had always loved, he stopped and peered over the earthen wall without even blinking,

Translator's note. The weapons passage is worn. Before kanon (Dutch for "cannon") come several unclear syllables, read here as a possible mōtoru, "mortar". Bonben is a bomb. "Franklin of Williamsburg" renders ういるりあむひゆるくのふらんきりん. The transcriber's summary took this as "William 'Hiyuruku' Franklin", and it is an open question whether the young Franklin of this episode is meant to be a different person from Benjamin, perhaps his son William. At p0022 he is said to be only 24 or 25. But Uiruriamu-hiyuruku is the place-name Robun gives as Franklin's home on pp. 0008 and 0010. At p0022 Adams knows him as the famous Franklin, and at p0023 he is Washington's sworn friend. So within the story he is the same Franklin as in the Washington episode, Caroline's brother.

Japanese transcription

阿丹土

拂郎基林

つゞき あまりあるとき
つら〳〵おもふやうそも〳〵
たうごく
十三部は
いぎり
すこくにぞくす
がゆへに
ろんどん
ふより
やくにん
きたりて
くにのせいじを
つかさどれども
もとよりくにゝ
きみなければ
りんごくたこくの
王侯《わうこう》らや
もすればへいを
むけくにをかす
めんきざしあり
われいやしくも
たうごくのたみと
うまれて
さる
をりにおめ〳〵
見るにしの
ばんやその
ときに▲
△武《ぶ》を
ろうじ
軍陣
の
かけ〔?〕
ひきを
もつぱら
にちやう
練し
まうと
がとし
ざ
わ
そく
はへたる
かのんをも
ちゐる△

▲のぞみ
なばくにの
ためにあだを
ふせぎおかさるゝ
ことなからしめんと
むら〳〵のわかものばらを
ひまあるごとによび
つどへ兵法
をだんじ△
△なんどの
大つゝあるひは
ぼんべんけんつき
でつぽうさま〴〵
の兵器などを
あつめみづ
からこれを
こゝろみて
あまたのもの
にしなんせり
かゝるほどにマヂ
サがしはいのひやく
せうばらはみな
こと〴〵くあゝだむす
がでしとなりて兵《へい》を
ねるにいまは一軍《いちぐん》の
そなへまつたくなりて
せんじやうにいづるとも
はづべきものはなかり
けるにぞのうぎやうの
いとまにはマヂサが
やしきのそのにあつ
まりその事にのみ
こゝろをゆだねてけふも
たがやしのいとまとて
むら〳〵のわかものばら
あつまりきたりて炮器
をこゝろみぢんおしの⊗
⊗あし
ぞろへ
にそのふの
うちはかま
びすくいと
にぎはへる
をりしもあれ
ういるりあむ
ひゆるくの
ふらんきりん
はたうちに
いさゝかしよ
ようありて
このところを
うちすぐるに
マチサがやしき
のかまへのうちに
ちやうれんのおと
しきりなるにぞ
もとよりこのめる
みちなればたち
とゞまりてついぢ
のうちをさし
のぞき目たゝき
もせずに
つゞく

Part Four leaves 17–18

Captions: "Ejise" / "Franklin" / "Adams"

and watched. A very young man rode out on horseback from the far side and flourished the spear he carried. He handled it so fast it was like a flash of lightning or a spark struck from flint. Then he drove the spear into the ground with a thud ^?, and wheeled his horse this way and that like a turning windmill. He took his bow, fitted an arrow, and at a gallop drew it to the full and let fly at the spear. The arrow went true. It hit the very middle of the shaft with a smack and drove eight or nine sun deep into it. The whole company cheered with one voice. Franklin, watching from outside the wall, forgot himself and shouted too: "Well done! Well done!" Now the young men noticed someone outside the wall. "Who's that, spying on us from over the wall and shouting at us without leave?

Translator's note. A sun is about 3 cm.

Japanese transcription

ヱジセ

▲ひらめかしこれをつかふにそのはやわざ
あたかもでんくわう△
△石《せき》火《くわ》の
ごとく
にて
かの
ほこ
を
う
し
ま
に
大地
へ
どう
と
つき
たて
かき〔?〕
また
じう
わうに
はせる
ことかざ

拂郎基林

阿丹土

つゞき けんぶつ
するに
としいと
わかき
ひとりの
をのこ
むかひ
のかた
より
うま
のり
いだし
もつ
たる
ほこ
を▲
ぐるまの
めぐるが
ごとくゆみを
とつて矢をつがひかけ
さまにかのほこをよつ
ぴいてへうとゐるにあや
またずゑのたゞなか
にしつしとあたりて
づんざくこと八九寸
ばかりこれを
見るよりいち
どうにこゑを
そろへてほめ
たりけるこの
ときついぢの
そとにありて
けんぶつなしたる
ふらんきりんは
これもおもはず
こゑをあげ
ゑたり〳〵と
ほむるにぞ
わかものばらはついぢの
そとにひとあることを
こゝろづき〽なに
ものなれば
ついぢのそとよりうち
をうかゞひみだりに
つゞく

Part Four leaves 18–19 (printed numbers unclear)

Captions: "Washington" / "○ This picture shows the tale Franklin tells Adams."

How rude, shouting at us like that! He must think he's pretty handy himself. Let's drag him in and have some fun with him. Bring him in here!" While they were still saying it, four or five of the young men opened the gate in the wall, forced Franklin into the grounds and led him before Adams. "This fellow was rude to us, so we brought him inside the wall. He must think he's skilled, so we've brought him before you to try what he can do."

At this Adams looked Franklin over. He was twenty-four or twenty-five, fair-skinned, with long side-whiskers, and about six shaku four or five sun tall. He was imposing and dignified, every inch a hero. Adams straightened himself and bowed, gave his own name and asked why he had come. Franklin bowed in return and told him his name. "I had some business in these parts and was passing by when I saw your splendid drill. It's a path I have always loved, so I peeped in over the wall. Just now, when you shot at the spear, I was so struck by the wonder of the feat that I called out before I knew it. Please forgive my rudeness." He said this very courteously. Adams answered, "Your words put me to shame. Then you are Franklin of Williamsburg, whose great fame I have heard of for so long! That you should come here unexpectedly is more good fortune than I could have hoped for. As for me, I have a few tricks of swordsmanship I taught myself. But I have served my old mother since I was a boy, and our house was poor, so I never had time to study letters. I gave my whole heart to arms alone. I have long heard that you are master of every path, letters and arms and the art of war, and I have always held it in my heart that one day I would meet you. That you should have come here by chance is truly a wonderful meeting. They say your strength can lift a cauldron of a thousand kin and split a rock. If you would be so kind, please show me a little of what you can do." He pressed him hard. Franklin could not refuse any longer. There was a great cannon close by. He lifted it as lightly as anything and loaded it in an instant. Looking out from the garden, a little over one ri to the south there was a lake, and in the middle of it ^? stood a single pointed rock.

Translator's note. The picture shows Washington, not Adams. The boxed note explains that it illustrates the story Franklin tells on the next spread. Six shaku four or five sun is about 1.95 m. A kin is about 600 g. Robun gives Adams the line about having no learning and only arms. The transcriber's summary gives it to Franklin, but the speaker is the one who "served his old mother".

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕こゑをかくることの
ぶれいさよさだめしおぼへ
あるものならんこのちに
ひきいれなぶりて
やらんとなたへ
いれよトいふ
うちに四五人の
わかものばらつい
ぢをひらきて
ふらんきりんを
しいてそのふの
うちにいれあゝ
だむすがまへに
いざなひかれ
しか〴〵のぶれい
ありよりてついぢの
うちにいれおぼへ
あるものな
らん▲

▲にはそのてのうちをこゝろ
みんとおんまへにつれきたれり
といへるをきいてあゝだむすはふらん
きりんがかたちを見るにとしの
よはひ二十四五いろしろくほう

話聖東

⌂ぶれいのつみは
ゆるし給へトいといん
ぎんにのぶるにぞ
あゝだむすはおしかへし
「みことばかへつていたみ
いれりさてはかね〴〵
雷名をつたへ
きゝたるういるり
あむひるくの
ふらん△

△きりんぬしなりしかはからず
こゝにらいりんありしはねがふへも
なきさいはひなりしそれがし
ぶぢゆつは⊠

⊠ちとばかり自得ぞなしたる
わざあれどもおさなきより老母
につかへいへまづしくして文学
をまなぶべきいとま
なくたゞぶじのみ
こゝろをいれしが
かね〴〵
おんみが
文武ぶん
兵学ゑ
よろづ
のみち
にたけ
給ふ
る
どもを
きくもの
からいつ
ぞはまみへ

○此絵《このゑ》の和解は

排郎基林《ふらんきりん》が
阿丹土へ物語の
形勢《さま》を出せり

ひげながく身のたけ六尺
四五寸ばかりゐふうりん〳〵
ゐぎとう〴〵まさにいつこの
ますらをと見ゆるに
かたちをあらためて
れいをほどこし
せいめいをみづ
からなのりて
らいゆをきゝ
にふらん
きりんもれい
かへして
そのせい
めいを⟁

⟁なのり
きけ
それ
がし
たら
ちに
しよ
よう
ありて
こゝを
すぐる
に
いさ
まし
き
ちやう
れん
のさま
をうかゞひ
もとより
このめる
みちなれば
ついぢのそと
よりさしのぞく
にたゞいまき
くんがほこを
ゐられしその⊗

⊗その
はや
わざの
きなるを
かんじおも
はずこゑを
はつしたる⌂

⊠つね〴〵
こゝろにこめたりしが
おもはずこゝにらい
りんありしはまことにふしぎの
たいめんなりかつてきくおん身の
りきりやう千斤のかなへを
あげいはをつんざくいきほひ
ありとぞくるしからずばちから
のほどをすこしくおんみせ
候へかしとしいてのぞむに
ふらんきりんもいまはぢ
するにことばなくかたへにあり
あふ大づゝをいとかろ〴〵と
かゝへあげやにはにたまを
こめると見へしがには
さきより見わたすに
みなみのかたにいちり
あまりのみづうみ
ありて其中にとがりたる
ひとつのいはあり〔つぎへ〕

Part Four leaves 19–20

Captions: "Ejise" / "Adams" / "Franklin"

He took aim at it and put fire to the touch-hole. The shot roared like thunder and shook the ground, and it smashed the top of the rock to dust. Adams and everyone else there were amazed at his strength and could not praise him enough.

Then Franklin turned to Adams. "This strength of mine is nothing to speak of. I have a friend in the province of Virginia called George Washington. He is still very young, but he carries letters and the art of war in his heart. With weapons he is a match for a thousand men, and above all his strength is far beyond anything someone like me could reach. Not long ago he killed the monster of Mount Kakumaku with a single shot, killed the bandits too, and freed the people of Fairfax from their troubles. Lately he had some business and passed the foot of Mount Ōrō with one attendant. Out of the forest came a great tiger. It leapt on the servant, who was walking ahead to show the way, and killed him on the spot. When Washington lost his attendant, his breast filled with rage. He ran up and kicked the tiger on the nose with his boot ^?. The tiger grew wilder than ever with rage, gnashed its fangs and sprang at Washington to bite him down. But he turned aside like a butterfly, waited his chance, rushed in and pinned the tiger's neck hard under his foot. He raised his fist and beat its snout until even that fierce beast, struck by Washington's giant's strength, ran blood from its eyes, mouth and nose and died. Isn't that strength rare in this world? Truly, a man like that is what you would call a rare hero."

Adams replied, "That is beyond any ordinary man! You are as close to Mr Washington as fish and water. Someday, please introduce me to him too. To be friends with such a hero would be the greatest honour of my life. I beg you, do this for me." Franklin agreed to bring them together soon. Then he was invited into the parlour, and the finest delicacies of mountain and sea

Translator's note. Mount Ōrō (大らう山) is Robun's invention. "Giant's strength" renders kongōriki, the strength of the temple guardian kings.

Japanese transcription

ヱジせ

阿丹土

▲とらの
はな
づら
を
くつ
も
てけあぐ
るにとらは
ます〳〵
いかりくる
ひてわしん
とんを
か
みたふ
さん
と
きば
をなら
してとびかゝるを
ちやうのごとく身を
ひるがへしすきを見
あはせはせよりて虎
のくびすぢあしを

〔つゞき〕これを
めあてに火を
うつせばそのおとらいの
とゞろくごとくちひゞきうつて
かのいはのかしらをみぢんに
うちくだけりあゝだむすを
はじめとしてありあふものども
これを見てその怪力《くわいりき》におど
ろきつゝしば〳〵かんじてやまざりける
そのときにふらんきりんはあゝだむす
にうちむかひ「これらのちからはもの
かずならずそれがしがはういうに
ひるきにや部内のひとわしんとんし
げをるげといへるものありとしいまだ
じやくくわんなれどもむねには文がく兵
はうをたくはへぶじゆつはいちにんとうぜん
にてことにりきりやうのあまれることそれがし
なんどがおよぶべきにあらざるなりさきには
かくまくざんのゑうくわいをたゞ一ツぱつに
たいじなしぞくとをころしてふあきすのたみの
うれひをまぬからしめこのごろようのことありて
づさいちにんをめしつれつゝ大らう山のふもとを
すぐるに山林《さんりん》のうちよりしていつぴきの大とら
あらはれさきにたゝせてしるさしたるかのしもべに
くらひつきやにはにこれをかみころせりわしんとんは
づさをうしなひいきどふりむねにみちはせくる▲

拂郎基林

もてむずとふみつけ
こぶしをあげてそのはなづら
をうつほどにさしもにたけ
きけものすらわしんとんが
こんがうりきにうた
れて目くちはな
よりもちしほを
いたしてしにうせ
たり世にめづら
しき
大りき
なら
ずや
まことに
まれなる
かうけつ
とはこれらのひと
をやまうさんトかたるをきいて
あゝだむす「そはぼんにんの
しよいならずおん身はかねて
わしんとんしと水魚《すいぎよ》のちなみ
むすびておはさばいつぞはわれをも
ひきつけ給へさるがうけつとまじは
らばこのみのめんぼくこのうへなし
ひとへにこのぎをたのみいるトいふに
きりんはうけひきてちかきにあは
せまうさんとそれよりざしきに
せうじられさんかいのちん〔つぎへ〕

Part Four leaf 20 and colophon

Captions: "Written by Kanagaki Robun" / "Pictures by Ichimōsai Yoshitora" / "Cut and published by Kinkyōdō"

were set out, and he was entertained in many ways. Then Franklin and Adams climbed up to a high pavilion and discussed the heroes of past and present and the paths of letters and arms. It was their first meeting that day, but their hearts were so alike that they talked like old friends of many years ^? until the sun went down. Franklin noticed the time. "The sun is already setting. I'll see you again," he said, and took his leave. Adams could not keep him, so he and his wife went with him as far as the gate, promised to meet again, and parted.

○ Part Five will tell how the three men, Washington, Adams and Franklin, swear to be brothers. Meaning to make the thirteen states of North America an independent nation, they gather the people in Virginia, and each shows his skill in strategy. In between I shall weave in all sorts of strange tales and wonders, and offer them for your reading in Parts Six, Seven and Eight in turn. I humbly beg you, as always, to buy them and read them.

The author, bowing low.

Left page: publisher's catalogue (Izumiya Ichibei, an older list):

Published spring of Tenpō 6 (1835), Year of the Sheep

• Shinpen Kinpeibai (New Plum in the Golden Vase): part 3, part 4 now out, part 5 [to come]. By Kyokutei Bakin, pictures by Kōchōrō Kunisada.
• Konpira-bune rishō no tomozuna: parts 9 and 10. By Kyokutei Bakin, pictures by Ichiyūsai Kuniyoshi.
• Imayō Ise monogatari: parts 1 and 2. By Tōri Sanjin, pictures by Gountei Sadahide.
• Mukashi moyō musume hyōbanki: complete in six volumes. By Santōan Kyōzan, pictures by Kōchōrō Kunisada.
• […] Kuruwa no tatehiki: complete in four volumes. By Kyōden, pictures by Kuniyoshi.
• Sangokushi gaden (Picture Life of the Three Kingdoms): part 9. By Ikku, pictures by Kuniyasu.

Advertisements: "[…] Bien Senjokō face powder, 48 mon a packet. Sakamoto's, west side of Minami-Denmachō 3-chōme, Kyōbashi." / "[…] Bigenkō black hair oil, likewise of Sakamoto's make."

Wholesale publisher of illustrated books: Izumiya Ichibei, middle of Mishima-chō, in front of the Shinmei shrine, Shiba, Edo.

Translator's note. The final story page ends Part Four on a "to be continued": Part Five is promised, with Parts Six to Eight to follow. The catalogue is an old stock leaf from another publisher dated 1835, bound in at the back. A library label covers part of two lines.

Japanese transcription

〔つゞき〕みを
つらねさま〴〵
ともになされ
ぬかくてきりん
はあゝだむすと
たかどのゝうへにのぼりていまむかしのゑいゆうをろんじ
文武《ぶんぶ》のみちをだんずるにけふはじめてのめんくわいも
そのこゝろざしふかければ千里もがつべきふるきがごとく日のかた
むくまでかたらひけるがふらんきりんはこゝろつきもはや日りん
かたむけばまたこそおんめにかゝるべしといとまを
つぐるにとゞめかねあゞむすふうふの
ものはかどべまでおくりいで
さいくわいのごをちぎり
つゝかたみにそでを
わかちけり

○第五へんはわしんとん
あゝだむすふらんきりんの
みたりのものきやうだいのぎをむすびて
きたあめりか十三州をとぐりう国となさん
とするよりひるぎにやにたみをつどへおの〳〵ちりやくを
あらはすことかつそのあはひさま〴〵のちんせつきだんを
つゞりいれ六七八とひきつゞきごらんにいれたてまつり候
あひだあいかはらずおんもとめごかうらんねがひ
あげたて
まつり候
作者ふして
まうす

假名垣魯文作

一猛齋芳虎画

錦橋堂壽梓發行

新編金瓶梅《しんへんきんべいばい》 第三集 第四集出板 第五集　曲亭馬琴作　香蝶樓國貞画
金毘羅舩利生纜《こんひらふねりせうのともづな》 第九編 第十編　曲亭馬琴作　一勇齋國芳画
風俗伊勢物語《いまやういせものがたり》 初編二編　東里山人作　五雲亭貞秀画
昔模様娘評判記《むかしもやうむすめひやうばんき》 全六冊　山東庵京山作　香蝶樓國貞画
■復曲輪達引《くるわのたてひき》 全四冊　京傳作　國芳画
三國志画傳《さんごくしぐわでん》九編　一九作　國安画
■■い いろの 美艶仙女香 一包 四十八銅 京橋南傳馬町三丁目西がは
■そめ り 黒油美玄香 おなじく 坂本氏製
江戸芝神明前三嶋町中程
地本問屋 和泉屋市兵衛版

Appendix Endpaper: the Six Jewel Rivers

Six fan-shaped panels, each carrying one of the classical poems on the "Six Jewel Rivers" (六玉川, Mu-Tamagawa): six rivers named Tamagawa in different provinces, a favourite subject of poets and print designers. The printed versions differ in places from the standard texts of the poems.

Yamashiro: the Jewel River of Ide

I'll halt my horse and water him once more — where dew from the yellow kerria blossoms drips into the Jewel River of Ide.

Kii: the Jewel River of Kōya

Travellers, forgetting, may they not scoop and drink it — the water of the Jewel River deep in the mountains of Kōya?

Translator's note. The poem is a warning: by tradition this stream was poisoned by insects, and the poem tells travellers not to drink.

Settsu: the Jewel River

Even the wind in the pines sounds lonely enough in autumn — and now, in the village by the Jewel River, they are beating cloth.

Musashi: the Jewel River

Like the hand-woven cloth they bleach in the Jewel River, over and over, why is it I long so for someone of long ago?

Translator's note. "Over and over" (さら〳〵) puns on the bleaching (さらす) of the cloth; 調布 (tazukuri, hand-woven cloth) also names the district.

Mutsu: the Jewel River of Noda

When evening comes, across the sea wind, at the Jewel River of Noda in the far north, the plovers are crying.

Ōmi: the Jewel River of Noji

I will come back to seek it — the Jewel River of Noji, where bush clover grows, and on its coloured waves the moon [comes to] lodge.

Translator's note. The end of this poem is worn on the scan ([…] in the transcription); the last line follows the poem's usual sense, the moon reflected on waves tinted by the clover.

Japanese transcription

山城 玉川

駒止めて

猶水かはむ 山吹の

花の露そふ

井出の 玉川

紀伊《きい》玉川

わすれても

くむやしつらん

旅人の

高野《かうや》のおくの

玉川の

水

摂津《せつ》玉川

松風の

音だに

秋は

さびしきに

衣うつ

なり

玉川

の里

武蔵《むさし》玉川

玉川の

さらす手

調布

さら〳〵に

むかしの人の

恋しきや

なぞ

陸奥《むつ》玉川

夕されば

潮風

こして

みちのく

野田《のだ》の

玉川

ちどり

なくなり

近江 玉川

たづね

こん

野路《のぢ》の

玉川

萩うゑ■

色なる

波に

月や

あ■宿むら